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Activities and
Accomplishments of the Commission
Sanitary affairs in Iowa were undoubtedly better organized
at this time than they had been at any previous period. All efforts were united
under a single head capable of providing an efficient working system. A letter
to the Muscatine Journal, however, indicates that there were still some
people in the State who were not in sympathy with the arrangement. This letter
referred to the Iowa Sanitary Commission as “conceived in sin and brought forth
in iniquity” and declared that the Commission was “begging” the legislature for
$80,000, of which $13,000 was to pay the salaries of its agents and officers.
The United states Sanitary Commission, the writer stated, distributed $100,000
worth of goods at a cost of $2,000, or on the whole at an expense of about two
per cent.179 The new arrangement, however, soon resulted in increased
activity. Many new societies were organized and organizations that had been
dormant for some time again entered into the work with new vigor.180
A
bill was passed by the House of Representatives in February, 1864, to take the
place of the act of 1862, which had authorized the Governor to appoint two or
more sanitary agents, one of whom was to be Mrs. Wittenmyer.181 Immediately
remonstrances were sent to the Senate by people all over the State, objecting
to the repeal of the earlier act and expressing confidence in Mrs. Wittenmyer.
Petitions of such a nature were introduced into the Senate from the citizens of
Burlington, Muscatine, Mt. Pleasant, and Henry County. The petition which was
circulated in Muscatine received over three hundred signatures, only one person
having refused to sign it. Partly as a result of these petitions the bill was
indefinitely postponed by the Senate.182 The Muscatine Journal in commenting upon the movement
stated that the only opposition Mrs. Wittenmyer had ever encountered was “at
the hands of a petty, despicable clique, who have private ends to serve, and
not the good of the service in view.” 183 a later issue declared that the
opposition to Mrs. Wittenmyer “originated in a heartless political scheme, and
has ever since been carried on by its originators with the heartlessness
characteristical of political schemers. By which we do not mean to say that all
who oppose Mrs. W. are political schemers. We refer only to the heart-diseased,
don’t-expect-to-live-long ‘anti-Wittenmyer’ set.”184
The
second annual meeting of the Iowa Sanitary Commission was held at Des Moines on
June 1, 1864. Mr. F. E. Bissell of Dubuque became president; Mrs. James Baker
of Davenport, recording secretary; Ezekiel Clark of Iowa City was reelected
treasurer; and Rev. E. S. Norris of Dubuque was made corresponding secretary
and general agent. A resolution was passed at this meeting asking that all
supplies be sent to the United states Sanitary Commission at Chicago. The
reasons given were that the Western Sanitary Commission did not reach all the
Iowa soldiers and the Christian Commission was designed to attend particularly
to the spiritual needs of the men, while the United States Sanitary Commission
possessed superior facilities and operated in every part of the country.185
The
first meeting of the board of control of the Commission for 1864 was held at
Dubuque on June 22-24, during the progress of the Northern Iowa Sanitary Fair
at that place. The officers of the local aid societies who were at the Fair
attended the meeting of the board in large numbers. Mrs. D. P. Livermore of
Chicago, representing the United States Sanitary Commission was present and
told of the condition and sufferings of the Iowa troops, and explained the
working of the Commission which she represented. The chief object of the
meeting was to arouse an interest among the visitors at the Fair; and according
to the report “all present were inspired with renewed determination to work
with increased zeal”.186
Mrs. Wittenmyer had proposed the establishment of a special diet kitchen service for the benefit of those patients in need of special food which could not be obtained from the regular army allowances; and early in 1864 she laid her plan before the United States Christian Commission, by which body it was accepted after having been commended by the medical authorities of the army. The Christian Commission decided to put the plan into operation in its western branches, and agents were authorized to carry it out under the direction of Mrs. Wittenmyer. In June, therefore, Mrs. Wittenmyer resigned her place as State agent for Iowa in order to take up her new work with the Christian Commission, which she considered to be a field of much greater service.187
With
her resignation Mrs. Wittenmyer gave an account of her activities as State
agent since September, 1862. This report showed that she had received from the
Aid Societies of the State 2723 packages, barrels, and boxes of sanitary
stores. The Des Moines convention estimated the average value of these packages
to be forty dollars, thus making $108, 920 the estimated total value of the
stores which Mrs. Wittenmyer distributed. This amount added to the cash
received made a total of $115,786.93 for the work which she had performed. She
estimated that this sum included nearly five-sixths of all the supplies
furnished by the people of Iowa during that period. AT the time of her
resignation Mrs. Wittenmyer reported the condition of the local Aid Societies
to be very flourishing financially, many of them having from two to four
hundred dollars in their treasuries.188
The
reports of the officers of the Iowa Sanitary Commission made at the meeting of
the board of control on September 29, 1864, at Burlington, showed that the
relief work carried on by the people of
the State was greater than ever before. From March 1 to September 1,
1864, the United States Sanitary Commission at Chicago had received from Iowa
2059 packages, which was 474 more than were furnished by the whole State of
Illinois. During the same period of six months the Chicago branch received in
cash a total of $61,788. 06, of which Iowa furnished $43,920.15, while
Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota combined furnished only $17,788.
At the next meeting of the board held at Cedar Rapids on March 27, 1865, there
was given a report for the year from March 1, 1864, to March 1, 1865, which
revealed the fact that the Chicago branch during that year had received 3340
packages from Iowa. For the same period Minnesota had contributed 210;
Wisconsin 3165; Illinois 3918; and Michigan 1457 packages. The cash receipts
from Iowa had been $50,935.85; while $38,931.64 had been the total amount
received from Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois and Michigan.189
In
April 1865, Mr. Norris reported that between seven and eight tons of sanitary
goods were stored along the Dubuque and Sioux City Railroad and the Dubuque
Southwestern Railroad ready to be shipped. The interest throughout the State
was very great, between sixty and seventy county agents, appointed by Mr.
Norris, being engaged in a canvas of their various counties.190
A
branch of the United States Christian Commission had been established in
Dubuque towards the close of 1864. It was an auxiliary of the Chicago branch of
the Christian Commission and was in charge of John H. Thompson. A meeting was
held by the members at Dubuque in March, 1865, and delegates were appointed to
visit surrounding towns to solicit contributions and organize local committees
to supervise their respective districts.191 Another auxiliary of the Christian Commission was located
at Keokuk, with Col. William Thompson as president and treasurer, this
organization being connected with the St. Louis branch of the Commission.192 Many supplies sent
from Iowa during the closing months of the war were delivered by the Christian
Commission. The Third Annual Report of the Christian Commission
acknowledged “valuable and timely donations” from Keokuk, Davenport, Oskaloosa,
Camanche, and “other places in Iowa, of noble-hearted, liberal people”.
Southern and central Iowa contributed more than one-half of the entire funds
and stores of the St. Louis branch of the Christian commission for the year
1864.193
On Wednesday, June 7, 1865, the Iowa Sanitary Commission met for its third annual meeting at Des Moines. The war was over, however, and all that remained to be done was to wind up the affairs of the organization. Resolutions were adopted recommending that the local societies which had so well supported the relief work should now give their support to the Orphans’ Asylum; and the existing officers were reelected.194
No
report was ever made covering the work of the whole State during the full
period of the war, and it would probably have been impossible to do so, as
supplies were distributed through so many different agencies. The reports
published by the different agents and commissions often contained duplications
in that they listed the same supplies and funds, so that it would be impossible
to estimate or place any total money value upon the contributions of the people
of Iowa. The reports covering specific periods, however, are sufficient to
furnish an idea of the great magnitude which the relief work attained. One
writer says that every Iowa town “had its Soldiers’ Aid Society, or later its
local branch of the state sanitary commission, and the value and blessed use of
the sanitary and hospital supplies sent to the front by them was almost beyond
computation”; while another historian declares that in “almost every town and
county throughout the State the women of Iowa earnestly cooperated in this
humane work…. The aid thus given to the soldiers in the field was estimated to
amount to more than half a million dollars.”195
Notes
179 Muscatine Weekly Journal, February 19, 1864.
180 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times, March 4, 1864.
181 Senate Journal, 1864, p. 358.
182 Senate Journal, 1864, pp. 398, 402, 416, 437.
183 Muscatine Weekly Journal, March 4, 1864.
184 Muscatine Weekly Journal, March 11, 1864.
185 Report of the Iowa Sanitary Commission, 1866, pp.
33, 34.
186 Report of the Iowa Sanitary Commission, 1866, p. 34.
187 Report of the Iowa Sanitary Commission, 1866, p. 33;
Third Annual Report of the United States Christian Commission, 1865, p.
24; Muscatine Weekly Journal, June 3, 1864. See above Chapter II.
188 Senate Journal, 1864, pp. 197, 206.
189 Report of the Iowa Sanitary Commission, 1866, p. 35.
190 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times, April 28, 1865.
191 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times, November 15, 1864, March
31, 1865.
192 Third Annual Report of the United State Christian
Commission, 1865, p. x.
193 Third Annual Report of the United State Christian
Commission, 1865, pp. 94, 95.
194 Report of the Iowa Sanitary Commission, 1866, pp.
35, 36.
195 Byers’s Iowa in War Times, p. 456; Gue’s History of
Iowa, Vol. II, p. 421.
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Encouraged by the success of the so-called “sanitary fairs” in many other States, people in various parts of Iowa, early in 1864, conceived the idea of raising money by similar means in this State. The movements soon took definite shape and in the course of the year three very successful fairs were held.
A
public meeting was held in Dubuque in January, 1864, to consider the
advisability of holding a large and extensive festival of some sort on
Washington’s Birthday to raise the money and supplies so badly needed at that
time for the army. It was proposed that the Ladies Soldiers’ Aid Society should
arrange for the affair, but as the members of that organization felt that they
had all they could attend to, the matter was dropped temporarily.196
The
proposal was revived a few months later and plans were laid for holding a large
mass meeting to discuss the proposition. This meeting was held on March 10th
in the Congregational church, which was well filled with the people of Dubuque.
Mrs. D. P. Livermore of Chicago, a representative of the United States Sanitary
Commission, was present and “for two hours addressed the meeting elegantly and
eloquently”. At the conclusion of her address it was decided to undertake the
holding of a fair in Dubuque; and a committee of sixteen, composed of an equal
number of men and women, was appointed to draw up plans for an organization and
to select officers. A resolution was also adopted providing that a subscription
should be taken at the meeting, and that the proceeds should be used for the
immediate purchase of vegetables for the armies. The sum of eleven hundred
dollars in cash was secured, a large part of which was used to purchase sauer
kraut for the troops. 197
Two
days later the committee made its report. The organization was designated the
Northern Iowa Sanitary Fair, and Mr. H. A. Wiltse was named as its president.
Three vice presidents, five secretaries, a treasurer, and an executive
committee of ten were also appointed. In addition, the plan provided that the
presidents of organizations which might be formed in the various counties of
the State for the purpose of cooperating in the enterprise should be vice
presidents of the Fair. This plan ultimately resulted I the selection of
thirty-four men and women, from as many different counties, as vice presidents.198
Work
was immediately begun to arrange for the large undertaking. An appeal was sent
out to the people of the State urging their assistance and cooperation.
Contributions of cash, of vegetables, of sanitary supplies, and of articles for
sale at the Fair were solicited.199 Persons representing the Fair visited counties throughout
the State, urging the cooperation of the public and of all relief
organizations. Mr. Norris, an agent of the Iowa Sanitary Commission, spent the
month previous to the Fair in traveling over the State, for the purpose of
arousing popular interest and assistance. I was his hope that the results of
the Fair should not be measured by the amount of money that would be raised,
since he believed the Fair would be instrumental in reviving an interest and
activity in the relief work of the whole State.200 Appeals for
contributions were not limited to Iowa. With a view to making the affair as
large and profitable as possible, people throughout the loyal States were asked
to help.
As
plans and work progressed the citizens entered more fully into the spirit of
the Fair and each was desirous of doing his part. The reports of agents and
letters from numerous counties showed that practically the whole State was
interested in the success of the undertaking. Governor William M. Stone was
active, and early in April he wrote to the managers of the Fair that “nothing
short of sickness or unavoidable business engagements” would keep him from
attendance.201 At a meeting of the executive committee on May 3rd
“communications from nearly every county in the State were read.”202 Originally it had
been planned to hold the Fair in the City Building and Turner Hall, but because
of the proportions the enterprise was assuming, the promoters soon realized
that these buildings would not be sufficient. Therefore, in order to give time
for the construction of an additional building to house the machinery and
implements, the date of the opening of the Fair, which had been set for May 24th,
was postponed to June 21st.203
Agreements
were early reached with various transportation companies for transporting goods
for the Fair free of charge. Twenty-four different railroads and the
Northwestern Packet Company agreed to haul all goods free, while the American
Express Company promised to carry free all packages weighing under thirty
pounds and all packages above that weight at cost.204 In May a committee
on “Labor, Incomes and Revenue” was appointed and instructed to “solicit a
day’s labor or its earnings, or a day’s revenue from all employing
establishments, firms, corporations and companies”.205 In response to the
untiring efforts of the workers, supplies and donations early began to pour in,
and long before the opening day of the big event had arrived, hospital goods
valued at twenty-five thousand dollars had been received and shipped to the men
in the field. 206
At
two o’clock on June 21st the Fair was thrown open to the public,
there being no procession or public display to mark the opening. The Germania
Band performed ‘Hail Columbia.’ Rev. D. M. Reed addressed the Throne of Grace
in a fervent prayer. The President of the Fair, on behalf of the managers, in a
brief addressed, turned over the donations to the committees, and this address
was responded to in a few well chosen remarks, by W. L. Calkins, Esq., of
McGregor, on the part of the committees.”207 Two dollars was the price of a season ticket good for a
lady and gentleman; single season ticket sold for a dollar and a half;
admission for a single day was fifty cents; and children under twelve years of
age were admitted at one-half the regular rate.208
The
first floor of the City Hall was occupied by booths, where every county that so
desired was represented. Fourteen Iowa counties occupied separate booths; Jo
Daviess County in Illinois and Grant County in Wisconsin shared one booth; the
Good Templars conducted four booths, the City of Dubuque seven, the Catholic
ladies of Dubuque two, and the German ladies of Dubuque two. Contributions from
other localities were distributed among and sold at eh different booths.209 The library and
floral departments, the packing room, the appraisers’ room, and the officers’
headquarters were located on the second floor of the City Hall; the third floor
housed the children’s amusement department; and the basement served as a store
room. The first and second stories of Turner Hall were used for the refreshment
department, with sitting rooms and lounging rooms on the ground floor and
dining room and kitchen above. “Both buildings were ornamented with American
flags, with evergreens, flowers, mottoes and pictures in profusion and with the
highest effect.” The building which had been constructed especially for the
occasion adjoined the City Hall, and was filled with “hardware and agricultural
and household implements and machinery”.210
The
Fair continued for eight days, the doors being open from ten o’clock in the
morning to ten o’clock at night. As many as twenty-five hundred people were
present at a single time. In the evenings special entertainments were given,
consisting of “Tableaux, Pantomines, and the drama of Cinderella at Turner
Hall; two dramatic entertainments at Julien Theatre, of a choice of character,
by an amateur company of ladies and gentlemen from Madison, Wisconsin, under
the management of Jas. L. Stafford, Esq., given entirely at their own expense;
two concerts by Prof. Lascelles, and a lecture by Mark M. Pomeroy Esq., also at
Julien Theatre.”211
In
order to stimulate interest in the Fair a national flag was offered as a prize
to the county, outside of Dubuque County, making the largest contribution to
the Fair in proportion to its population.212 About the middle of May, over a month before the opening of
the Fair, the vie president of Kossuth County stated in a letter to the
president of the Fair that Kossuth County was “going to get that flag” or make
some of the other counties “pile it up big.”213 When the Fair opened Kossuth
County, in addition to a valuable collection of goods, had contributed more than a dollar for every man, woman,
and child in the County.214 This amount proved to be sufficient to win the contest and
the prize flag is to be found to-day in the care of the Kossuth County
Historical Society.215
The
aim of the promoters of the Fair had been to obtain a response from as many
people and from as many parts of Iowa as possible, thus making the enterprise a
state-wide movement. That this aim was realized is shown by the fact that
donations were received from about three hundred Iowa towns and cities, in
sixty-two different counties. These donations were in a large part composed of
supplies such as vegetables and other foods, clothing, and hospital stores,
that could be used directly for the benefit of the soldiers in camps and
hospitals; but among the contributions there was also a great quantity and a
great variety of articles to be sold at the Fair.216
Heading
the list of such articles was one “silk quilt, by eight young ladies” from
Allamakee County, representing, as did numerous gifts of fancy-work and art,
the handiwork of the women of the State. Even the unfortunate inmates of the
Asylum for the Blind at Vinton responded to the appeal with a contribution of
fancy bead work. From Dubuque County, where of course the interest in the Fair
was greatest, came such a variety of articles as a piano, a cannon, an opera
cloak, five boxes of toilet soap, a “fancy dress ball, revolving figures”, a
saddle, one garden vase, forty-five Mexican dollars, two “transparencies”,
bread baskets, specimens of minerals, an ottoman, one “Daughter of the
Regiment”, and a sketch entitled the “Bathing Scene”.
A
fine silver set which sold for five hundred dollars was received from the
ladies of Keokuk: and a less expensive set was received from Burlington. The
people of Clinton County forwarded, among other things, one pump and a quantity
of sheet music; while from Linn County came two pumps, two pieces of pump pipe,
and two lightning rods. A shirt and a clothes-wringer formed part of Mt.
Pleasant’s donation, and citizens of Webster City responded with three dollars
worth of “French chalk” and some specimens of Colorado gold quartz. Waterloo
was very ably represented by such gifts as a “case of birds”, two town lots,
and a what not valued at forty dollars. Perhaps one of the most enlivening to
those coming in contact with it, was that received from a citizen of Clayton
County—a hive of bees.217
Iowa,
however, was not the only source from which aid flowed to the Fair. From all
over the country came large donations of money and goods. Cash received from
Chicago amount to $3508, from New York City came a total of $3165, from Boston
$2735, and from Milwaukee $1,262.16, besides many smaller subscriptions from
numerous other places. The articles from the country at large, contributed for
sale at the fair, like those from various parts of this State, included goods
of all degrees of value and usefulness. Farm machinery proved a popular gift,
and a great variety, such as reapers, mowers, hay rakes, plows, fanning mills,
a sugar cane mill, buggies, and a cutter came from several districts. Other
individuals or communities sent household equipment, including sewing machines,
washing machines, furniture, clothes dryers, a cook stove, a tea urn, and a
clock. Citizens of Pennsylvania, as their contribution, forwarded clothing,
copper bottomed and brass kettles, glass, two gross of “vermifuge”, and a steel
cannon. From a regiment in Texas came carved work, a blanket, a scarf, shells,
boots, slippers, and a Mexican saddle. Connecticut’s offerings included skates,
patent garters, hoop skirts, and door knobs. Massachusetts added five carriage
robes, head dresses, one school melodeon, part values on a piano and organ, “two
gross bronchial troches”, and an afghan. Among the receipts form New York were
twenty pounds of black tea, a camp stool, a dozen razors, twenty bunches of
rope, two boxes of tin, one baby tender, pocket companions, cologne bottles,
one self-operating swing, a tent, one spring rocking horse, six cistern pumps,
a box of artificial flowers, six boxes of “Green”, and two dozen bottles of “psychogogue”.
A guitar, tow barrels of crackers, “one tidy, by a lady seventy years old”, one
mineral grotto, and six very old coppers helped to make up the contribution
from Wisconsin.218
Soon
after the Fair was organized the executive committee passed a resolution to
prohibit the disposition of goods at the Fair by raffling or selling chances.219 Apparently the rule
was not enforced, and as a result the president and managers were severely
criticized. A religious newspaper published in Dubuque at the time, although
chronicling the success of the Fair from a financial point of view, considered
it a “moral failure”. Many ministers had worked and served as agents for the
Fair with the understanding that the resolution against raffling would be
enforced and they would not have backed the project under any other conditions.
“In the face of all this,” declared the editor, “the President of the Fair had
scarcely concluded his excellent and eloquent opening address, before the sale
of lottery-tickets was begun, and during the whole of the seven days that the
Fair continued, one could not spend five minutes in any portion of the vast
building devoted to it, without being beset and besought by men, women and
children, to ‘take a chance,’ ‘try your luck,’ buy a ticket,’ and so on ad
nauseam, until his ears were fairly made to ring with the whole vocabulary of a
regular lottery office.”220
Numerous
contests were arranged to increase the interest of those attending the Fair. An
opera cloak was presented by Mrs. H. A. Wiltse to be donated to either Mrs.
Grant, Mrs. Fremont, or Mrs. McClellan, as the people decided. Votes were sold
at fifty cents and patrons were urged to vote “early and often.”221 A St. Louis firm
donated a “magnificent regimental flag” to go to the regiment receiving the
highest number of votes at the Fair. The votes sold at fifty cents each222 and on the last
evening, as the time for closing the polls drew near the contest grew very
exciting. The Fifth Iowa Cavalry was at first declared to be the winner, but a
recount gave the flag to the Ninth Iowa Infantry by a single vote.223
By
the time the Fair closed the total receipts had almost reached ninety thousand
dollars, and many goods still remained unsold. Such materials as could be
converted into hospital clothing were turned over to the Soldiers’ Aid Society
of Dubuque. Many other things were given to the sanitary fairs at Rockford and
Warren, Illinois, and to similar enterprises at Marshalltown and Burlington,
Iowa. When the final report was made by the managers a few articles still
remained undisposed of, among which were “an embroidered chair, a gold watch, a
hive of bees, two town lots and one hundred and twenty acres of farming land.”224
The
proceeds of the Fair had, upon its organization, been pledged to the United
States Sanitary Commission,225 and besides the supplies forwarded to this Commission as a
result of the Fair nearly $50,000 in cash was added to its funds. About $1500
of the proceeds of the Fair was spent by the management for vegetables; the sum
of $250 was given to the Soldiers’ Home in Dubuque; and between $7000 and $8000
was spent in maintaining agents, in fitting up the buildings, in buying goods,
and in defraying advertising and operating expenses.226
Compared
with the other sanitary fairs held throughout the country the Northern Iowa
Sanitary Fair made a favorable showing. It was pointed out by the Dubuque
Times that the contributions per inhabitant of Dubuque County averaged
$2.88, which was higher than a similar average for any of the larger fairs. St.
Louis was next to Dubuque with an average of $2.75, after which came
Philadelphia County with $2.10 per inhabitant of the county; but all other
communities fell below two dollars. In total receipts the Northern Iowa
Sanitary Fair equaled the fair held in Chicago in October, 1863.227 While many of the
larger fairs received large contributions, some running into many thousands of
dollars, no cash subscriptions to the Dubuque Fair exceeded one hundred
dollars. The success of the enterprise was due to the wide-spread support which
it received and the small gifts from a great number of persons. In some
townships and counties almost every man, woman, and child gave something.228 In commenting upon
the Fair a bulletin of the United States Sanitary Commission made the following
statement:
If
the value of services were measured by the extent of the sacrifice made in
rendering them, it would probably be found that no State in the Union had done so
much for the war as Iowa…. it is doubtful if there is on record any other so
splendid example of the heroism, farsightedness, and self-abnegation with which
freedom long enjoyed, can gift a whole community.229
Notes
179 Muscatine Weekly Journal, February 19, 1864.
180 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times, March 4, 1864.
181 Senate Journal, 1864, p. 358.
182 Senate Journal, 1864, pp. 398, 402, 416, 437.
183 Muscatine Weekly Journal, March 4, 1864.
184 Muscatine Weekly Journal, March 11, 1864.
185 Report of the Iowa Sanitary Commission, 1866, pp.
33, 34.
186 Report of the Iowa Sanitary Commission, 1866, p. 34.
187 Report of the Iowa Sanitary Commission, 1866, p. 33;
Third Annual Report of the United States Christian Commission, 1865, p.
24; Muscatine Weekly Journal, June 3, 1864. See above Chapter II.
188 Senate Journal, 1864, pp. 197, 206.
189 Report of the Iowa Sanitary Commission, 1866, p. 35.
190 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times, April 28, 1865.
191 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times, November 14, 1864, March
31, 1865.
192 Third Annual Report of the United States Christian
Commission, 1865, p. x.
193 Third Annual Report of the United States Christian
Commission, 1865, pp. 94, 95.
194 Report of the Iowa Sanitary Commission, 1866, pp.
35, 36.
195 Byers’s Iowa in War Times, p 456; Gue’s History
of Iowa, Vol. II, p. 421.
196 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times, January 15, 19, 1864; The Northern Iowa Sanitary Fair, p. 3. This pamphlet contains a list of donations to the Fair, the treasurer’s report, and a brief sketch of the Fair. It was published in Dubuque in 1864.
197 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times, March 15, 18, 1864; The
Northern Iowa Sanitary Fair, pp. 3, 4, 63.
198 The Northern Iowa Sanitary Fair, p. 4.
199 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times, March 18, 1864.
200 The Sanitary Commission Bulletin, Vol. I, No. 19,
1864, pp. 577, 578; Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times, April 29, 1864.
201 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times, April 8, 1864.
202 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times, May 6, 1864.
203 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times, April 29, 1864; The
Northern Iowa Sanitary Fair, p. 6.
204 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times, April 26, 1864.
205 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times, May 10, 1864.
206 The Northern Iowa Sanitary Fair, p. 8.
207 The Northern Iowa Sanitary Fair, pp. 5, 6; Dubuque
Semi-Weekly Times, June 21, 24, 1864.
208 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times,
June 21, 1864.
209 The Northern Iowa Sanitary Fair, p. 8.
210 The Northern Iowa Sanitary Fair, pp. 5, 6.
211 The Northern Iowa Sanitary Fair, pp. 8, 9; Dubuque
Semi-Weekly Times, June 28, 1864.
212 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times, April 12, 1864.
213 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times, May 17, 1864.
214 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times, June 21, 1864.
215 Reed’s Our Historic Flag in the Algona Courier,
December 13, 1917.
216 The Northern Iowa Sanitary Fair, pp. 10-37.
217 The Northern Iowa Sanitary Fair, pp. 10-37.
218 The Northern Iowa Sanitary Fair, pp. 38-44, 51, 52,
61, 62, 64.
219 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times, March 15, 1864.
220 Iowa Religious News-Letter (Dubuque), 1864.
221 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times, June 24, 1864.
222 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times, June 21, 1864.
223 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times, July 1, 1864.
224 The Northern Iowa Sanitary Fair, p. 6.
225 The Sanitary Commission Bulletin, Vol. I, No. 19,
1864, p. 578; The Northern Iowa Sanitary Fair, p. 23.
226 The Northern Iowa Sanitary Fair, p. 63; The
Sanitary Commission Bulletin, No. 25, 1864, pp. 824, 825.
227 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times,
November 25, 1864.
228 Dubuque Semi-Weekly Times, November 25, 1864.
229 The Sanitary Commission Bulletin, Vol. I, No. 19,
1864, pp. 577, 578.
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