SENTIMENT IN IOWA

On the 16th, the day following the issuance of the president's proclamation, Governor Samuel J. Kirkwood of Iowa received the following telegram from the secretary of war:

"Calls made upon you by tonight's mail for one regiment of militia for immediate service."

It is said-that when this message was delivered to the governor he expressed some doubts as to Iowa's ability to furnish an entire regiment. Notwithstanding his doubts on the subject, as soon as the call was received, he issued his proclama­tion asking for volunteers, to wit:

"Whereas, the President of the United States has made a requisition upon the executive of the State of Iowa for one regiment of militia, to aid the federal government in enforcing its laws and suppressing rebellion:

"Now, therefore, I, Samuel J. Kirkwood, Governor of the State of Iowa, do issue this proclamation and hereby call upon the militia of the state immediately to form in the different counties volunteer companies with a view of entering the military service of the United States for the purpose aforesaid. The regiment at present required will consist of ten companies of at least seventy-eight men each, including one captain and two lieutenants, to be elected by each company.

"Under the present requisition only one regiment can be accepted, and the companies accepted must hold themselves in readiness for duty by the 20th of May next at the farthest. If a sufficient number of companies are tendered, their services may be required. If more companies are formed and reported than can be received under the present call, their services will be required in the event of another requisition upon the state.

"The Nation is in peril. A fearful attempt is being made to overthrow the Constitution and dissever the Union. The aid of every loyal citizen is invoked to sustain the general government. For the honor of our state let the require­ments of the president be cheerfully and promptly met.

"Samuel J. Kirkwood.

"Iowa City, April 17, 1861."

As the first telegram from the War Department called for one regiment of militia for immediate service and Governor Kirkwood stated in his proclamation that the companies "must hold themselves in readiness for duty by the 20th of May," a word of explanation as to this apparent discrepancy seems to be neces­sary. The explanation is found in the fact that late on the afternoon of April 16, 1861, the governor received a second telegram from the secretary of war, saying: "It will suffice if your quota be at its rendezvous by the 20th of May."

On the same day that Governor Kirkwood issued his call for volunteers he also issued a call for the State Legislature to meet in special session on May 16th. At the opening of the special session he said in his message: "In this emergency Iowa must not and does not occupy a doubtful position. For the Union as our fathers formed it and for government founded so wisely and so well the people of Iowa are ready to pledge every fighting man in the state and every dollar of her money and credit, and I have called you together in extraordinary session for the purpose of enabling them to make the pledge formal and effective."

He then explained how, when the volunteer call came from Washington, he had no funds under his control for such emergencies as organizing, equipping, subsisting and transporting troops, nor ha>i the state any effective military law under which he could operate. He also explained how the chartered banks and wealthy loyal citizens of the state had come to his rescue by placing at his disposal all the funds he might need, and concluded this portion of his message by saying: "I determined, although without authority of law, to accept their offer, trusting that this body would legalize my acts."

And the governor did not trust in vain. The immediate and universal response to his call for volunteers had removed any doubt he might have entertained as to Iowa's ability to furnish a whole regiment. The General Assembly crystallized the patriotic sentiment of the people by legalizing everything the governor had done, by passing a law providing for the organization of the militia of the state upon a war footing, appropriating a sum of money large enough to cover all probable expenses in connection therewith,

RESPONSE IN WORTH COUNTY

The United States Census of 1860 gives to Worth County a total population of 756 people. The vote at the presidential election records the fact that Lincoln received 109 votes and Douglas but 30, which exhibits the ratio of Northern and Southern sentiment in this county. Feeling existed here, without doubt, but any "butternut" displays were either effectively squashed by the Union sympathizers or eliminated by the owners in the general drive to support President Lincoln. At the beginning of the war there were no newspapers in the county, mail trains or telegraph communication with the outside world. The only means of com­munication was by the slow mail route and events happened weeks before the intelligence of them was borne to the settlers here.

The first official action of the board of supervisors of Worth County occurred at the October session of 1861, when, by unanimous vote, a resolution was passed giving to all who enlisted in the service of the Government the sum of $20 as county bounty. The first men to apply for this bounty were Tver G. Dahl and Paul M. Paulson. Others were: Terre A. Lee, Theodore Knudson, Herbrand Olson, Tollef Anderson, Kittel Olson, John Q. Beadle, Benjamin K. Wadsworth and Hoel L. Hinman.

On August 15, 1862, a special meeting of the board was called and the follow­ ing preamble and resolutions were adopted:

"Whereas, the governor of this state has issued a proclamation calling for 10,570 volunteers, the quota assigned this state under the call of the president, dated July 2, 1862, for 300,000 volunteers; and

"Whereas, the said governor has ordered that unless said call for 10,570 shall be filled by the 23d inst., a draft shall be made from the militia; therefore, in order to encourage enlistments from the county, be it

"Resolved, by the board of supervisors of this county, that this county will give to each volunteer, who shall enlist from this county, in the United States military service, under said call, the sum of fifty dollars ($50), and to the wife of each volunteer, while in service, the sum of four dollars per month, and to the children of each volunteer under fourteen years of age, the sum of two dollars per month. And the clerk of the board be authorized and empowered to draw warrants upon the county fund, in favor of each volunteer, to the amount of this appropriation, upon satisfactory proofs that each applicant, under this resolution, has been duly enrolled as a volunteer from this county, and sworn into the service of the state. And that the clerk of this board be further authorized and em­powered to draw warrants upon the county fund, monthly, in favor of the families of said volunteers, etc. * * *"

When the board met at the regular session in September following, the above act was made to include all the volunteers from the county, whether the men had enlisted under this or previous calls. The board mentioned, among those especially entitled to aid, the mothers of P. Cope and Tollef Anderson.

At the first session of 1863 the board levied a special war tax of four mills on the dollar for a relief fund to aid the families of volunteers. A resolution

was also passed ordering that all who had acted as scouts in the late Indian troubles on the northern borders should receive the sum of $2.67 per diem as compensation for such services.

On January 4, 1864, the board again met and discussed the question of granting larger county bounties. A proposition was made that the county pay to each volunteer from the county who enlisted under the call of that date the sum of $150. The quota assigned to the county was then short about ten men, divided as follows: three from Northwood, three from Hartland, two from Bristol, and one each from Fertile and Silver Lake. This proposition was finally adopted. In September the board passed further resolutions, equalizing all the bounties paid by the county, making them all $150, and later in the same year so extended it as to cover all drafted men.

In January, 1865, the board decided by vote to pay the sum of $500 to any volunteer who enlisted from this county, in response to any call of the Govern­ment. Fortunately for the county's treasury, no more calls were made. In the latter part of the year, after Lee's surrender, the board assumed all the private bounties paid by the residents of the county and agreed to refund the same on presentation and proof of claim. In this manner, through the long years of strife and suffering, did the governing powers in Worth County stand behind the soldiers &i^ the front. In addition to these measures of assistance, countless deeds of charity, of sacrifice and countless hours of labor, were performed and given by the men and women of the county. Men gave readily of their private funds and the women knitted and sewed continually for the purpose of making the soldier's life more comfortable. In this day of 1917 some such scenes are again being enacted by the sons and daughters of these loyal people. The parents of 1861 taught well the lesson of patriotism.

Considering the population of Worth County during the times of war, she was well represented in the armies of the Union. The first man to enlist from Worth County was Knudt W. Johnson, who served in Company B, Seventh Infantry. It was his misfortune to be captured by the Confederates and im­prisoned in the hell-hole of Andersonville, which experience he survived. He made his home in Dakota after the war had closed.

Worth County first sent soldiers to the Fifteenth Wisconsin Infantry (First Scandinavian) Regiment, Colonel Hegg commanding. All were Norwegians and had relatives back in Wisconsin, hence their desire to enlist there. Following is the roll of this number:

FIFTEENTH WISCONSIN INFANTRY

Company K—Pederson Axel, Tollef Anderson, Torger Aslakson, Kittel Olson, Paul M. Paulson, Gulbrand Helgeson, John Johnson, Theodore Knudson, Ole T. Berge, Johannes Severson, Fingal Christopherson, Iver G. Dahl, Chris Gulbrandson, Theodore K. Hundeby, Nils Helgeson, Terre A. Lee, Soren Sorenson.

The Iowa regiments contained soldiers from Worth County in the number listed below:

SEVENTH IOWA INFANTRY

Company B—Henry H. Clark, Warren Caswell, Knudt Johnson, Anson M. Stewart.

FIFTEENTH IOWA INFANTRY

John Dahl, John Severson.

TWENTY-FIRST IOWA INFANTRY

Company A—Perry M. Johnson, captain; Isaac M. Bolton, lieutenant; Wil­ liam Matson, drum major; Augustus Beeber, William H. Pickell, Francis C. Paine, Francis Templeton, B. H. Herrington, Samuel B. Pickell, John Towne.

TWENTY-SIXTH IOWA INFANTRY

Company A—Asa Franklin, lieutenant.

THIRTY-SECOND IOWA INFANTRY

Company B—Chauncey S. Lane, lieutenant; Otis Greeley, J. Kendall, Jr., Benjamin Bloker, James P. Cravath, William E. Fisher, Halvor Ingebretson, Jabez Sumner, William N. Gallup, Ignatius Heiny, Albert L. Towne, corporal; Peter Crum, corporal; John Crosier, Orren F. Morris, B. F. Crum, Anthony Carr, G. W. Swanger, Peter Cope, Franklin Judd, James S. Sahd, Columbus Mason, Austin Oleson, Herbrand Oleson, Solomon Greeley, D. C. Bigelow, Lester Place, Alonzo Frink, corporal; Ole T. Buergo, Sylvester Levanway, James Randall, John Heiny, William Rhodes, E. S. Winans.

FOURTH CAVALRY

Company M—Villeroy Abbey.

SEVENTH CAVALRY

Company F—Arne Anderson, trumpeter.

Company G—John G. Enos, A. C. Abbey, Myron Perkins, William Platt, Sever M. Johnson, Edwin Stevens.

Company M—D. A. Wadsworth, corporal; Henry H. Platt, Chester Wright, Charles A. Platt, James Price.

THIRD IOWA BATTERY

G. Knudtson Hundeby.

FOURTH MINNESOTA INFANTRY

Perry J. Perkins, Ora Perkins, C. B. Swain.

TENTH KANSAS INFANTRY

Guy R. Butler.

TWELFTH U. S. REGULAR INFANTRY

Company C—John Q. Beadle, Frank C. Bigelow, Hoel Hinman, B. K. Wads-worth, Amos Hill.

FIFTH MINNESOTA INFANTRY

Nicholas Lowthian.

Worth County's soldiers did not come through the war unscathed. Of the ninety-five who enlisted from this county nineteen laid down their lives for the Union while in active service. These were:

Lieut. Chauncey S. Lane, died December 15, 1862, at New Madrid, Mo.

Peter Cope, died of tuberculosis December 12, 1864.

Columbus Mason, died January 20, 1863, at Fort Pillow, Tenn.

Sylvester Levanway, died of pneumonia March 9, 1864, at Vicksburg, Miss.

James Randall, died July 23, 1864, at Memphis, Tenn.

Lester Place, wounded and captured at Pleasant Hill, La., and died in captivity at Tyler, Texas, October 23, 1864.

Jabez Sumner, killed by guerrillas on the Mississippi River, February 13, 1865.

John Crozier, died of wounds July 18, 1864, at Cairo, Ill.; wounded at Pleasant Hill, La., April 9, 1864.

Pederson Axel, taken prisoner at the battle of Chickamauga, September 20, 1863, and died in prison in January, 1864.

Torger Aslakson, died in the general hospital at Nashville, Tenn., November 11, 1862.

Gulbrand Helgeson, died at Island No. 10, April 30, 1862.

Paul M. Paulson, died in prison at Richmond, Va., in March, 1864.

John Johnson, killed at New Hope Church, May 29, 1864.

Terre Lee, died while in service; place and date not known.

Ole T. Berge, died while in service; place and date not known.

Anthony Carr, died on the steamer "D. W. January," January 5, 1865.

John Heiny, died at Vicksburg, Miss., June 14, 1864.

G. W. Swanger, died at Mound City, Ill., June 22, 1864.

B. K. Wadsworth, reported killed, but time and place unknown.

The Thirty-second Regiment of Iowa Volunteer Infantry, in which the majority of Worth County soldiers enlisted, was organized in the fall of 1862, with John Scott, of Nevada, as colonel; E. H. Mix, of Shell Rock, as lieutenant colonel; and G. A. Eberhart, of Waterloo, as major. The regiment was mustered into the service of the United States at Dubuque, October 5, 1862. The regiment was engaged at Fort De Russey, Pleasant Hill, Tupelo, Old Tower Creek, Nash­ville and other battles. For some time the regiment was separated, and the detachments in different fields, but finally they were all united and the regiment served as a unit. It was mustered out at Clinton, la., August 24, 1865. Of 925 officers and men, fifty-nine were killed, 242 died, 174 were discharged, 142 wounded, ninety-eight captured and thirty-five transferred.

The Twenty-first .Infantry of Iowa Volunteers was raised in August, 1862, with Samuel Merrill as colonel; C. W. Dunlap, of Mitchell, lieutenant colonel; S. F. Van Anda, of Delhi, major. The regiment was mustered into the service August 18th, 2Oth, 22d and 23d, except one company, which had been mustered in in June. The Twenty-first was engaged at Hartsville, Mo., Black River Bridge, Fort Beauregard, Siege of Vicksburg, and battles of Mobile and Fort Blakely. For nearly a year the regiment served in Missouri, where it distinguished itself in the battle of Hartsville. Then it fought in Mississippi, in Louisiana, in Texas, in Arkansas, in Tennessee and Alabama. In the battle of Fort Gibson the regi­ment bore a prominent part. The regiment was mustered out at Baton Rouge, La., July 15, 1865. Of its 980 officers and men, thirty-nine were killed, 192 died, 159 were discharged, 161 were wounded, two were missing, twenty-one were captured and fifty-six were transferred.

The Seventh Cavalry was organized and mustered into the service at Davenp ort on April 27, 1863, with S. W. Summers, of Ottumwa, as colonel; John Pattee, of Iowa City, as lieutenant colonel; and H. H. Heath, G. M. O'Brien and John S. Wood, of Ottumwa, as majors. This regiment also served against the Indians in the West. The regiment was mustered out at Leavenworth, Kan., May 17, 1866, except Companies K, L and M, which were mustered out at Sioux City June 22, 1866. Of its 562 officers and men, forty-seven were killed, 101 died, 252 were discharged, eight were wounded and nine were transferred.

In connection with the story of Worth County's participation in the Civil war, it is fitting to say something of the Grand Army of the Republic, that organization which has done more than any other body to preserve the memories of the battlefield. The Grand Army of the Republic is an organization of soldiers, sailors and marines who fought on the side of the Union. It was founded by Dr. B. F. Stephenson and Rev. W. J. Rutledge, surgeon and chaplain respectively of the Fourteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry. As early as the spring of 1864 these two officers discussed the advisability of organizing some kind of an association of veterans to perpetrate the fraternity established in camp, on the march or on the firing line during the war. After the war they formulated their plans and called a meeting at Decatur, Ill., for April 6, 1866, and at that meeting the Grand Army was born.

Each state constitutes a department and local societies are called posts. The first post was organized at Decatur, Ill., on the date of the meeting above mentioned, and the first national encampment was held at Indianapolis, Ind., in November, 1866. The objects of the order are to collect and preserve historic relics and documents pertaining to the war; aid and assist disabled Union veterans, their widows and orphans; observe Memorial Day by suitable exercises and the decoration of the graves of fallen comrades; keep alive the cherished recollections of the camp and campaign and to teach the rising generation lessons of patriotism. The order reached its greatest strength in 1890, when it numbered 409,487 members. Each year since the number of those who answer the "last roll call" has increased, until in 1915 the death rate was about one thousand per month. The Grand Army is largely responsible for the establishment of Memorial Day (May 3oth) as a legal holiday, and it has been influential in establishing soldiers' homes and institutions for the care of soldiers' orphans.

Randall Post, No. 142, Grand Army of the Republic, at Northwood, was organized on the 8th of March, 1883, by Mustering Officer Charles H. Fish, of Newton, Iowa. The post began with the following thirty-three members: George F. Wattson, Charles Brebner, Isaac M. Bolton, William Young, D. C. Bigelow, Samuel Pickell, Theodore K, Hundeby, M. Z. Paul, T. R. W. Fleming, A. L.

Towne, M. S. Perkins, Iver Butler, A. J. Cole, William Mitchell, Evan Evan- son, W. G. Scott, Paul Paulson, E. K. McPherson, Herman Ellgen, Nels Helge-son, J. S. Pixley, T. B. Turbitt, Henry Escherick, John Bergson, Gilbert R. Shannon, J. A. McClintock, Ernest Slittzner, Theodore R. Crandall, O. F. Perkins, N. C. Overholt and A. C. Blackmore. The first officers of the local post were: George F. Wattson, commander; I. M. Bolton, senior vice commander; William Young, junior vice commander; D. C. Bigelow, adjutant; Samuel Pickell, quartermaster; T. K. Hundeby, surgeon; M. Z. Paul, chaplain; T. R. W. Fleming, O. D.; Charles Brebner, O. G.; A. L. Towne, S. M.; and M. S. Perkins, quartermaster sergeant.

THE SPIRIT OF 1917

At the time these words are written Worth County is again engaged in the stern, but inspiring, business of making war. Her citizens have responded with money, labor and effort; her women have responded with the gentle tasks for which they are fitted; and her sons have offered their services and lives to the cause of world democracy. When the history of Iowa's participation in the struggle against the Hun across the sea is penned, what stirring paragraphs shall be devoted to the deeds, sacrifices and heroism of her people!

The declaration of war with Germany on April 6, 1917, was answered in Northwood by a patriotic meeting held at the Slosson Opera House on the 23d of the same month. The meeting was distinctly a patriotic rally in all that the word implies and well proved the unanimity of feeling. Addresses were made by H. C. Finch, M. H. Kepler, H. T. Toye and Judge C. H. Kelley of the District Court. Mr. T. S. Hanson read the resolutions which had been adopted and which reflect the spirit of the county. This expression of loyalty follows:

"Whereas, the German Empire and its military autocracy did in the year 1914 foment and bring on a war with neighboring countries; and whereas, since that time the German Empire has made war upon neutral nations and has wantonly and maliciously wronged and murdered noncombatants and citizens of neutral countries and has violated all the rules of international law; and whereas, the said German Empire has for more than two years been making war upon the United States; and whereas, the Congress of the United States has declared a state of war existing between the German Empire and these United States;

"Therefore, be it resolved, by the citizens of Northwood, Iowa, and vicinity, that we endorse the act of Congress in declaring a state of war between Ger­many and the United States; that we believe that Congress should take such measures as will hasten our complete victory; and that all the resources and energies of the United States should be devoted to that purpose; that we believe the volunteer army system is inadequate; that we urge upon Congress that for the urgent needs of the present a measure should be passed providing for selective conscription, recognizing, as we do, that the important thing at this time is to provide efficient men in the army as quickly as possible, that the war may be brought to a favorable conclusion at' an early date, we pledge our resources and our lives, if necessary, in support of Congress and the administration; that we have confidence in the loyalty of the overwhelming mass of our citizens in this hour of grave national peril; that we believe that the offer to go into imme-dite service against the enemy should be accepted; that a copy of these resolutions be sent to our member of Congress and to each of our senators."

W. H. Larsen, M. H. Kepler, T. S. Hanson, H. L. Olson, Iver Iverson and E. M. Sabin were appointed a committee to see that the resolutions were immediately telegraphed to Congressman Haugen at Washington, D. C.

Then, May 18th, President Wilson issued his proclamation which made the selective draft act a law. By this law, all men between the ages of twenty-one and thirty-one were obliged to register upon June 5th following, thereby making themselves eligible for selection and enlistment into the national army of the United States. There were 1,170 men in Worth County who came within the specified ages and who registered upon the date mentioned; in of these were in Northwood. Physical examinations were made of those called in the first increment and actual selection, hearing of exemption appeals and other routine matters were placed in the hands of a board consisting of Sheriff H. A. Gullickson, Auditor C. N. Urdahl and Dr. R. B. Yoder. Just how many of the men who shall be called and have been called will see actual service in France cannot be told now, but the future historian of Worth County may possibly have an abundance of material from which to compile the story of the county's share of this World war. Every man selected from Worth County and drawn into the service of the country is sent to the cantonment at Fort Dodge, Des Moines, and from there, when actual training is completed, to whatever place his services are needed, whether in France or along the borders of America.

At this writing the names of those who have enlisted in the service of the United States are:

Frank Kneeland, S. S. U. 69, Convois Autos, par B. C. M. Paris, France, Europe, American Expeditionary Forces.

Oliver M. Savre, Company B, Tenth Engineering (forestry), in care post master, New York, American Expeditionary Forces.

William Clifford Brown, Seventh Regiment, Coast Artillery, medical depart ment, casualty detachment, American Expeditionary Forces, via New York.

The above three soldiers are in France. In Camp Cody, Deming, N. M., are the following:

Albin O. Anderson, Motor Truck Company No. 1, 109 Ammunition Train.

Enis Butler, Motor Truck Company No. 1, 109 Ammunition Train.

Jay Bolton, same address as above.

William J. Baldwin, same address as above.

Raymon Low, same address as above.

Selmer A. Anderson, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Machine Gun Battalion, Company D.

Arnoldus Krogh, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Machine Gun Battalion, Company D.

Dale Humphrey, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Machine Gun Battalion, Company D.

Leslie R. Whipple, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Machine Gun Battalion, Company D.

At various other points are:

L. G. Haugen, United States School of Aeronautical Administration, Kelley Field No. 2, South Antonio, Texas.

Wayland Barnes, Base Hospital, Camp McArthur, Waco, Texas.

Raymond Aurdal, Company 6, R. O. T. C., Fort Snelling, Minn.

Herman Edmonds, Nineteenth Company, Fort Logan, Colo.

Warren W. Kenison, Headquarters Company, Fifty-fifth Infantry, Chickamauga , Park, Ga.

Leland Thompson, San Diego, Cal.

William Pike, Camp Ross, Company E, Great Lakes Training Station, Ill.

Carl Hanson, Battery A, Second Minnesota Field Artillery, Albert Lea, Minn.

Leonard Peterson, Company E, One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Infantry, Eighty-fourth Brigade, Forty-second Division, Hempstead, N. Y.

Herbert Peterson, same address as Leonard Peterson.

William Smith, Company D, One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Infantry, Eighty- fourth Brigade, Forty-second Division, Hempstead, N. Y.

Eddie Julson, Philippines.

Of the total number of young men subject to the draft in Worth County, forty-nine have been selected, the majority of them now undergoing intensive training at Camp Dodge, Des Moines, Iowa. The names of these leaders in the great national army are:

Northwood: Cecil Stone, John T. Nesset, Floyd Perry, Ben Grosland, Aaron C. Mowers, Arthur E. Ratcliff, Elmer Swensrud, Robert E. King, Odeon Olson, Arlington E. Smith, Melvin O. Trustem, Eugene C. Seater, Bertie Perry and Clarence J. Finch.

Manly: Clifford Stensbol, Leo V. Riley, Clarence R. Gault, Ralph L. Gutzler, Carl A. Vikum, Nick Barnios, Edward P. Keenan, James F. Bates, Glenn C. Babcock, Wilbur Nagel, Theodore . Lindstrom, Theodoros I. Kogiotis, Elmer S. Swanson and James E. Wood.

Kensett: Henry E. Olson, Aimer C. Lestrud, Arthur F. Doebel and Elling Orpen.

Hanlontown: Jens Jenson, Leslie H. Vest and Roy O. Palmerton.

Meltonville: Carl J. Olson Wogstad, Fred A. Logemann and Selmer Espe lund.

Joice: Elmer A. Evenson, John M. Hovland, Homer Hovland, Wilhelm W. Otto and Leo B. Paulson.

Grafton : August O. Loots.

Emmons: Melvin B. Arneson and Oscar K. Sorbo.

Plymouth: Jacob Popp.

Lake Mills : Severt Reiso.

Plymouth: Clarence R. Macken.

Others in the county who have enlisted are: Ralph H. Schlueter, Archie Buhrer and Earl M. Wilson, of Manly; D. D. Utterback (navy), of Grafton; Charles A. Peterson, Northwood; and John H. Petersburg, of Joice. Three of the Sondrol brothers, living near Emmons, have enlisted in the service. It is possible that the above list of Worth County soldiers is not complete; indeed, it is probable that some of the worthy names have been omitted. If so, it has been unavoidable. At this writing there is every expectation of the second incre­ment of drafted men being called into the service. The next few years may see all the 1,170 registered men in Worth County in active service, and hundreds more, but as stated before, the compilation of this record must wait until the history of the World war is written.

Worth County and Northwood have not only excelled in the patriotism shown by the citizens, but this patriotism has taken material and definite form on several occasions. The flotation of the first Liberty Loan .Bond issue in 1917 brought a hearty response from the county, fully $140,000 being subscribed at this time. However, it remained for the Second Liberty Loan, in October, 1917, to exhibit the true timbre of Worth County's patriotism. This time the sum of $300,000 was subscribed. The unity of effort upon the part of volunteer workers in soliciting subscriptions, the mass meetings held in all the towns of the county and the individual effort displayed were inspiring examples of how the United States intends to conduct her share of the war. The Red Cross week in the summer brought forth a substantial amount from this county, and in almost every town there is a Red Cross Society which prepares medical supplies, hospital equipment and numerous other things associated with the work of this humane society. And last, but not least, the gentle efforts of the individual women—those kindly knitters and sewers, who so well emulate the example of their mothers in 1776 and 1861.

HONORABLE MENTION

The military history of Worth County would not be complete without men­ tion of three Worth County brothers—Daniel Boughton, George P. White and Herbert A. White, all of whom have graduated at the United States Military Academy at West Point, also have ranked among the honor men (the first ten) in their respective classes, and have all adopted the cavalry branch of the service. Their record of merit, and the singularity of the case together, is a feature unparalleled in the history of United States military affairs.

The elder of the brothers, Daniel Boughton, graduated from West Point in 1881 and was the second high man in the class. He reached the rank of colonel before his death in 1914 and participated in all the important campaigns during his period of service. He was about sixty years of age at the time of his death.

The second of the brothers, George P. White, graduated as an honor man from West Point in 1891 and then entered the cavalry service. By reason of meritorious service, gained in the various campaigns, among them the Pershing expedition into Mexico after Villa, he has reached the rank of colonel.

The youngest brother, Herbert A. White, also graduated as an honor man from West Point in 1895. He was first attached to the Third United States Cavalry, then instructor of mathematics at West Point, a participant in the Philippine campaign and the Boxer rebellion in China, editor of the Cavalry Journal at Fort Leavenworth, law instructor, and is now judge advocate general in the Judge Advocate Corps at Washington, D. C. He was also stationed in the canal zone for three years. He has attained the rank of colonel.