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Diary of Samuel Marion Wright 1842-1862

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Samuel Marion Wright was the son of Peter Fretwall Wright and Deborah Susan Conwell, who moved to Marion County about 1856. You'll find their Family Group Sheet at http://iagenweb.org/fgs/wrightpf.txt. The diary goes from January 1861 to February 1862 when he died of pneumonia in Quincy, Illinois. His older brother William Ellis Wright added entries for a few days after Samuel's death. The original diary can be found at Grinnell College in Grinnell, Iowa.

The manuscript was typed in the 1960s by Hazel Wilson Wright, niece of S. M. Wright. I wish to thank Leslie Wright Bagwell, the great grand niece of Samuel, who edited and contributed the diary to IAGenWeb MarionCounty. The notes in brackets are hers.

~Greta Thompson

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Jan 1861-Feb 1862

January (1861) Tuesday 1st.
Warm
Nothing occurred in the morning. In the evening went to Whiteheads Donation Party. Had good supper and good time generally. Went home with Nan [the daughter of Dr. J. R. Duncan in Knoxville, with whom Samuel had been studying]. The new year has commenced and who knows the events what will happen before it shall have passed away, who can divine the future? May this year be improved by me as none that have preceded have.

Wednesday 2nd.
Pursued my studies with more than natural vigor today, and can I only continue thus throughout the year, I will advance further than for two or three years previous. But what will learning do unless tempered with morality, Christianity, and art of doing good to fellow mortality.

Thursday 3rd.
Nothing doing of notice occurred today in my sphere. If anything passed through town, I did not see it. Tarried indoors most of the day studying. I am determined to make this year which has just begun its course, the most productive of learning to me, by close application, and one that will tell in coming time, the step I have chosen, by the character I will form and the habits I will endeavor to contract by an upright, honest walk and a fair dealing with the men of all classes.

Friday 4th.
Clear and cold, rather windy.
Stayed all night with Paul [James M. Paul, who was in the same regiment as Samuel]. After laying down, I tried to think over what I had learned through the day. Some things I could think of, some I could not which I had studied over. I find my mind is not cultivated enough in that direction. Though my memory is good, my attention is too much distracted to retain what I otherwise would. I will try to remedy this as soon as possible.

Saturday 5th.
Took sleigh-ride with Paul and Will, intended to take the girls, but not; met them going away with Gibson: followed them, had much fun. Hats fell off and we did not catch them: was at the lodge. Cena and Nan were initiated. Went home with Nan. Stayed with Paul.

Sunday 6th.
Clear and rather pleasant - melting.
This is the first Sunday of the new year. I have tried to keep it in accordance with the instructions inculcated in my mind from earliest youth that from Bible authority, and I think I can continue the same throughout the Sabbaths of my life. I have studied the book of books today and learned things new to me knowing that I am profited thereby and feeling a surer hope of the rest that is in reservation for the followers of the meek and lowly Savior after the sorrows of this world.

Monday 7th.
Cloudy.
Went with Paul to the schoolhouse and stayed with the girls till school was called. Dr. Scoles dissected a hogs heart for Paul and I. After witnessing the dissection I went home and reviewed the article on the human heart with more understanding.

Tuesday 8th.
Clear and cold.
While feeding, froze my fingers. After morning service, I commenced reviewing Potters practice.

Wednesday 9th.

Thursday 10th.
Paul had a runaway. Hurt his horse. Went to prayer meeting.

Friday 11th.
Stayed home all day.

Saturday 12th.
At night went to Lodge, then went and helped organize a Lyceum.

Sunday 13th.
Went to meeting and Sunday school, meeting at night also. Paul was sick.

Monday 14th.
Foggy.
Went down to the drugstore, staid with Charley, went to dinner. Paul came along and we took a sleigh ride at night.

Tuesday 15th.
Went to the society and was elected treasurer. Snowed in the afternoon.

Wednesday 16th.
Studied all day. Dr. Scoles, Paul, Will and Dave and I had oyster supper. Streets nearly blockaded by snow: drifted very much.

Thursday 17th.

Friday 18th.

Saturday 19th.
Union meeting of the citizens. Went to the lodge at night.

Sunday 20th.

Monday 21st.
Thawed.

Tuesday 22nd.
Paul was with me nearly all day. At night attended the society and after it was out met in the store with Paul, Will, Dan, and Cy to make arrangements for a sleigh ride.

Wednesday 23rd.
Paul got Mrs. Boyle to bake two cakes for the ride, got two cans of peaches. Had our ride in the evening, stopped at Brobst's. Nan and I had a little falling out on the way down and did not get over it for a day or two. She slighted me and I slighted her.

Thursday 24th.
Drifted much.

Friday 25th.
Was with Paul most all afternoon. Paul, Leander, Dan and Hen and I had a can of oysters and one of peaches in the store at night. Staid with Paul.

Saturday 26th.
Nan came home from Bellefontaine. Both of us went to the Lodge. Had a good time.

Sunday 27th.
Was at meeting and Sunday school. Nan sent me a letter by Paul. She wanted to know what I was mad about. Went home with her from preaching and made friends again. Stayed with Paul, bed broke down, slept on the floor.

Monday 28th.
Paul and I went down to West's. Cena, Nan and Nan were there. I seen Paul home and then he seen me home and I staid with him slept on the floor. Guess the girls staid at West's as they did not go home when we did.

Tuesday 29th.
Attended the society at night.

Wednesday 30th.
Colder this evening.

Thursday 31st.
Studied all day. Paul went with Dr. to Walkers. Staid for supper. Snowed at night.

February Friday 1st.
Went to Bellefontaine to see Dr. Zimmerman. Paul went with us, had a good time. Staid all night. Became acquainted with the Dr.'s wife. Set up all night.

Saturday 2nd.
Dr. some better this morning. Duncan came down again.
22 day below zero.

Sunday 3rd.

Monday 4th.

Tuesday 5th.
Thawing.

Wednesday 6th.

Thursday 7th.

Friday 8th.
Nan and Cena took the first Degree.

Saturday 9th.

Sunday 10th.

Monday 11th.

Tuesday 12th.
Foggy.

Wednesday 13th.

Thursday 14th.

Friday 15th.

Saturday 16th.
Went to Lodge at night.

Sunday 17th.
With Paul all morning. Went to Sunday school. Cena, Will and Paul came home with me. Went to preaching, home with Nan.

Monday 18th.

Tuesday 19th.
Went to the Lyceum. Paul was sick.

Wednesday 20th.

Thursday 21st.

Friday 22nd.
Paul and I went round to Ely's with Dr. Wright, seen galvanic battery applied. Paul, George Lindly and I made ice cream for supper; took team and took persons to supper. Took Nan and had good time. Took H. L. Kinkaid and his lady home, in the sleigh. Last sleigh ride of the season.

Saturday 23rd.
Fine snow.
Was indoors all day. Went to lodge. Nan, her father and Duncan were invited. Came home with Nan. Most awful windy and cold.

Sunday 24th.
Was at meeting and Sunday school. Preaching at night.

Monday 25th.
Home all day. Went to Evan's lecture at night, took Nan.

Tuesday 26th.
Muddy.
Witnessed the amputation of Walden's leg. Rode Pet. Went to Society.

Wednesday 27th.
Witnessed the amputation of Whitehead's leg.

Thursday 28th.
Drying.
Paul helped me clean Duncan's instruments.

March Friday 1st.

Saturday 2nd.
Busy all morning with Duncan. After went to see the military drill. After that was over went to Brobst's with Paul and Dan. Took supper after which went to the lodge with Nan. I am nineteen years old today. Went home with Nan. Commenced a new course of living and studying.

Sunday 3rd.
Attended worship through the day. I was deeply impressed by feelings of holy awe all day, and could get the consent of my conscience, that I spent the whole Sabbath as it is my duty to do. I feel at times that I will live up to the requirements of the true Christian, but soon I forget, and ere I am aware of it I am back to the same point.

Monday 4th.
Paul visited me, staid nearly all afternoon. Went to hear the sailor preach. Of all the odd and accentric persons I have heard in the course of my life, this one takes the lead. He has been a sailor in his time; 17 years he followed the sea, and many of his sailor expressions are still retained and divert those who hear him, when he makes use of them.

Tuesday 5th.
Went to hear the sailor. Nan and Will with me.

Wednesday 6th.
Staid round all day. Paul and I went down to Woodruff's by Cena's invitation. Took supper. Nan and Nan were there.

Thursday 7th.
Prepared for our supper tonight; ran about most all day. At night girls late getting in. Had a very good time. Went home with Nan and what was not uncommon, thought more of her than ever. All night with Paul.

Friday 8th.
Initiated in the first degree of G Y. Wind and snow storm.

Saturday 9th.
Dell French was initiated. Paul brought Kate to Lodge. I staid with him.

Sunday 10th.
Went to preaching, to Sunday school and preaching at night by Cain. Staid with Paul. Every time I hear this eloquent and good man preach, my thought are elevated, my heart is drawn out toward the Savior, and something new about Heaven always comes, in my mind. May I learn every day.

Monday 11th.
Heard the sailor preach. Went home with Nan. It is my sincere desire to be a Christian, and it is also my determination, though when I am with the gay, I, too, will be gay; when with the sober, I will be sober, but when with the wicked I will shun their ways. Long will I remember the sermon of this night.

Tuesday 12th.
Went to Society, then to Nan's party. Met Nan and Nan coming out to meet us: had supper: part of the girls went home early. Went down to Brobst's with Dan, Nan, Jane and Paul. Staid with Dan till after breakfast next morning. Went home, found the folks waiting for me to fire up.

Wednesday 13th.
Paul was around here in the evening with Will. He was not in a good humor on account of last night's proceedings. May the debilitating influence of anger and its evilness also, ever warn me to guard against its power; and prevent me from being the cause of another's anger, excepting when striving to do right.

Thursday 14th.
Heard the sailor again. Staid with Paul. Though I may have habits of my own, and may be enticed to leave them and contract others, may the Eternal Spirit ever keep me from the habit of swearing and doing as the wicked do when I am with them, then going to the good and telling them I also am a Christian.

Friday 15th.
How lonely seem the hours today
When naught by toil appears
And not a cheerful Brightening ray
To chase away our fears.
But soon, ah, soon, this time will flee,
We'll hasten far away,
Then will be hushed the voice of glee,
Until that "glorious day." S. M. W.

Saturday 16th.
C. W. Ramey called to see me; Dr. Duncan returned from Bellefontaine; presented me with a handsome pocket case. Annie, Dell, and Cene were here, the first borrowed "the Pillar of Fire" of me; Will and G. Ramey and I had singing school. Went to the lodge with Cene W. Mira Adams and Nan. Annie was absent. Came home with Nan and Mira. Cene staid all night. Paul gallanted her that night.

Sunday 17th.
Attended church. Elder Cain preached on faith. Nan and I went to Mr. Scole's for dinner, where Dr. Zimmerman stopped and dined with us. Next was Sunday school, then I went home with Will, borrowed several no's of The Mercury. Nan and I went to church, heard an eloquent address by Cane.

Monday 18th.
Studied my Latin lesson, then strolled around town a short time, pulled a tooth for Dr. Scoles; second I ever drew. Folks gone to my father's left me without dinner, sent for me but I did not go. At night went with Nan and Mary Gamble to hear the sailor's lecture to the young, text: "I will give you the morning star." Stayed with Paul.

Tuesday 19th.
Studied hard. At night went to the Lyceum, was leading disputant, question; resolved that more information can be gained by travel than by study. Affirmative gained the point. D. P. Long, the umpire. Somewhat depressed in spirits tonight, but laughed it all away with Paul. Stayed with him all night.

Wednesday 20th.
Read Catholina of the Mercury this morning to Nan. In the evening went to hear the sailor preach: after preaching went to the Drugstore with Paul, staid all night. When we think we are happy from worldly objects, lo, sudden disappointments come upon us.

Thursday 21st.
Studied my Latin. Madison called this evening and talked awhile. After supper Nan and I went to Mr. Scoles, stayed till late bedtime singing and chatting. Miss Adams was there also. Went home with her then with Nan.

Friday 22nd.
This afternoon read the late papers to Nan, Dr. Mathews from Redrock was here this evening, staid all night. I went to hear the sailor preach tonight, text: The handwriting on the wall. Stayed with Paul all night. My dreams trouble me as did the man's hand that wrote on the wall of Bellshazer's palace

Saturday 23rd.
The weather being so inclement I staid indoors all day. Dr. Todd was here all afternoon. Nathan West trusted me with his money and proposition to the I.C. of G. T. Went to lodge. Jacob Bennet was initiated. Had a good time, communication of Dr. Duncan's missing from the budget box; much fun about it. Discussion about ballot balls, washing regalias, new budget box, etc. etc. Nan being sick could not attend. Annie presented me with a fine silk watchguard of her own making. Went home with Annie and Dell. All night with Paul. He had much to say about the missing communication and finally told me where it went and why he did not read it.

Sunday 24th.
Attended morning meeting and class. Went to Sunday school as usual, after which W. J. Erwin, Frank Jones and I strolled around a short time. Took supper at Father's, then went to meeting, text - Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian. Went home with Annie Gibson.

Monday 25th.
Bought pair pants, price 6:00. Let one of the horses run away, Cene and Jane came up to see Nan at noon. Cene came up again at recess: took her home in the buggy. Annie came up in the evening. Went to Mrs. Boil's with Paul, from there went to hear the sailor preacher, t: Why will ye die. Went home with Annie.

Tuesday 26th.
Up early, started to Chariton by 7 with Dr. Wright: arrived at 12, seen John Stanfield who introduced us to Dr. Kneeland, druggist. I applied for clerkship; we could not agree on terms: too much gas in the doctor to suit me: took supper at his house and staid all night. After going to bed many thoughts passed my mind on the callings of life.

Wednesday 27th.
When I woke this morning the sun shone through the window pleasantly, and drove the gloom from my mind which had come over me last night. Dr. Kneeland concluded not to hire me. Saw several persons from Knoxville today, started home half after one. Collected $17.50 at Newbern for Dr. Wright, home at 7, very tired. Annie and Dell were with Nan when I came in; Mrs. Gibson came in with Dr. and Mary. Girls went home with her.

Thursday 28th.
Though tired I was up early, fed and curried. Found Dr. Wright, paid him his money. Met Annie going up to Drs. with standard: made diaphoretic pwd. T. H. Woodruff called in. Made out financial report for the lodge. Father and Ed called in to see me. Read papers for Nan who is now able to sit up. In the evening went to hear Elder Whitehead preach - preach my Gospel. He made a very good sermon seemingly with a good deal of effort.

Friday 29th.
Commenced writing an oration for the Lyceum. Dr. went to Red Rock. Ed came up and stayed all afternoon. Read Cushing's Manual. Annie came up this evening to see Nan, stayed some time cutting up. Went home with her. Went then and stayed all night with Paul.

Saturday 30th.
Loaned Dr. Todd one dollar. Went with Dr. Duncan and Paul to put up budget box for use of Lodge: went home and wrote two communications. Went after Nan; took her to lodge, had a good time. West and Bain were initiated. Chronicle was read by Cene Woodruff. Went home with Nan to Woodruff's. Stayed with Paul.

Easter Sunday 31st.
Went round to the store, and took a thorough bath with Paul. Cooked eggs and ate as many as possible. Paul came home with me and stayed for dinner. Went to Sunday school, spoke to Nan. Paul went to her house to get some papers. I went on to the state, stayed a few minutes, then went home, locking Paul out. Joe and I deciphered an enigma. Went to bed early, dreamed of being far away.

April Monday 1st
Nan fooled me this morning, the first time. Nan came by on her way to school, sent April fool to Cene: afterward sent one to Nan by Ed. Cene and Nan came up, went away soon because Nan's month was here. I went with them to Woodruff's, then to Gibson's. Talked a good while at the gate.

Tuesday 2nd
The morning air bracing and cool. Worked hard all day in the garden. At night went to the Lyceum, from there to bed with Paul. Many are the thoughts that pass continually through my mind, regarding the future of my life; at times hope beams bright and strong and futurity sees a dream, at other times it fades and darkness mantles my mind, leaving not so much as a sunbeam to lighten my path.

Wednesday 3rd
Worked in the garden till the rain caused me to cease. John Adams and Cole with me all afternoon. Studied, read and sung. At night, Adams and I went to West's to see Mira; sang and conversed a while: Adams came home with me: retired to rest, while darkness like that Egyptian curse covered the face of the earth.

Thursday 4th
Still taking exercise in the garden; worked hard all day, and was very tired at night. Will handed me a couple of letters, one from Nan, the other from Cena. Came home and wrote an oration for the Lyceum. How I long to be a good writer. I am going to improve every opportunity for composing and strive to attain this much wanted end.

Friday 5th
Not having much sleep last night I feel drowsy. Still fixing things up around the garden and house. Nan and Dell came up in the evening. Went in the room and played with the children at night. Rained very hard all night. I love to hear the rain patter against the window while it speaks of the wisdom of the great Creator.

Saturday 6th
The sky has a gloomy appearance; still raining. Went over in the "Bend" to see a pony, that I wanted to trade for. Came back to town and made an even exchange with Rons the owner of the pony. Went to Lodge, on account of muddy streets not many were present. Applied for the 2nd and 3rd degrees & for Nan 1st, degree.

Sunday 7th
Attended worship, went home with Will for dinner; was at Sunday School, came home and fed, then went to see Paul; from there went to father's for supper; came found Doc had gone to the country. Went to church, Alender delivered a very good temperance sermon.

Monday 8th
Started before breakfast after my pony, accompanied by Ed. Rode pony home safe. Staid indoors the remainder of the day. At night, wrote letters to Nan and Cene. Retired late. After retiring I composed a piece of poetry and penciled it off by guess, but on going to light found it unintelligible.

Tuesday 9th
Not being very well this morning I stayed indoors, writing and reading when not otherwise engaged. Paul visited me this evening bringing me a letter from Dr. Kneeland of Chariton, who wanted me to borrow "Elwell's Medical Jurisprudence." and send it to him. I do not feel disposed at this time to do so.

Wednesday 10th
Feeling some better this morning. I took a ride on my pony, it went very well after I once got in the saddle. In the afternoon Milton Hodges came up and we went and practiced Rarey on the pony, had hard time to throw it. At night went and borrowed some papers for Nan. Doc read from Doesticks.

Thursday 11th
Milt and I practiced Rarey again today; threw the pony once in the stable and three times on the commons. Made sidewalk in the afternoon while it was raining. Sick at night. Not being very well for several days, the damp, chill air caused me to feel worse and seemingly an attack of sickness is near.

Friday 12th
Rained all day.
I was unwell and did not run about much. At night attended degree meeting and was initiated in the 2nd. Found it to be quite instructive. Cene was also initiated. In this degree it is desired that none but those who will strive to save men from the drunkard's grave should be admitted but is this the case? No.

Saturday 13th
Clear and cool.
Milt and I gave the pony another lesson this morning after which I rode it around awhile. Attended Lodge at night. Stayed with Paul. It seems to me there are persons in the lodge whose pretensions are a great deal louder than their practice is strict. This is hypocrisy.

Sunday 14th
Attended worship throughout the day. Took supper at father's. Stayed with Paul. Paul related a dream of his in which he pretended to predict the changes in our future life, and show what things would happen to him and to me, separate and together in the coming days of futurity.

Monday 15th
Worked hard all day in the garden. At night I tried to compose an article on the mind but after spending several busy hours, I read my production and not thinking it worthy of preservation, I committed it to the flames, reflecting at the same time on the shortness of life. Like that paper, one moment it may exist in one form and be changed or destroyed in the next.

Tuesday 16th
Worked in the garden all day and being tired at night did not go to the Lyceum. While awaiting for breakfast, my mind wandered back through on the years of my life contrasting the past with the present and reflecting on that great change that has come over me. Until this and the past year, I know not how to work.

Wednesday 17th
Same as yesterday. Took dinner at the tavern, folks being all away. After going to bed, my mind became troubled, sleep fled from my eyes and I felt most miserable because I know I have not the assurance I should have of my acceptance with God. I do not enjoy religion as much as I desire.

Thursday 18th
Worked most of the day in the garden. While not at work read Nelson on infidelity. Some points in this work strike my mind most forcibly and cause me to hunger more after the good gifts of the Creator and take a deeper interest in seeking the salvation of my soul and the eternal welfare in the upper world. May God grant me more of His grace and love.

Friday 19th
Rode the pony out to Shilling's with West. News of the taking of Fort Sumter. Martial music with much excitement. Stars and Stripes floating from the topmost pinnacle of court-house.

Saturday 20th
Warm and pleasant.
Took some exercise in the garden this morning. After dinner shaved and ran around with Will a short time. Attended lodge then union meeting. Confirmed news of taking of Fort Sumter. Great excitement.

Sunday 21st
Took a walk with Will early, then attended service and class. Went to Sunday school with Nan after which Kinkaid and I walked around till evening: took supper at father's. Attended church. Alender preached a patriotic sermon this morning forcible and to the point. One or two disunionists took exception to it.

Monday 22nd
Busy all day making a hog pen and appurtenances. Additional news from the south. Washington to be invaded by the secessionists. Fight in Baltimore. Intense excitement throughout the country; volunteer companies being raised: appearances of an exterminating war.

Tuesday 23rd
Continued reading through out the day. Official news of the evacuating of Fort Sumter. At night drilled in the military company. To me the future looks dark and dismal and no ray of light appears to light my way to the scenes before me.

Wednesday 24th
Cool and windy
Exercised in the garden about two hours. Brought mother up in the buggy. Read most of the day. Drilled in the volunteer company at night. Much excitement. Not much talked or thought about but the convulsions of our country; patriotism fills every loyal breast and if the worst comes all are determined to meet it.

Thursday 25th
Read and worked throughout the day. Drilled in company at night. Manual of arms mostly practiced on the drill. Stayed all night at the store with Paul, talked of volunteering in company. Hardly know what conclusion to come to.

Friday 26th
Windy.
Continued reading throughout the day. In the evening Nan and Cene came up and took a buggy ride with Doctor. Rained hard in the evening. How beautiful after the rain. Attended the horses. No drill tonight. Went down street, saw some of the boys, back soon.

Saturday 27th
Cloudy and muddy but dried and cleared.
Much excitement this morning. Bought military uniform, drilled all morning. After dinner union speeches by Swallow and Stone. After speech, volunteers were called, Stone signed and was followed by company and others. Drilled awhile, speeches at night. Attended lodge, stayed with Paul. In future what will be result of this step I have taken today, in volunteering.

Sunday 28th
Went to the country with Dr., Nan, Cene and Will were here for dinner. Did not have much to say to Nan. Went to Sunday school. Attended church at night. A good one was Bro. Alender's sermon. Nan, Dr., and I went together, both somewhat melancholy. Doc and I talked a good while.

Monday 29th
Wrote a note, got answer in affirmative. Went to Attica, Gosport, got home 2:00 p.m. Made up May party. Went down to Gibson's at night. Nan and Nan, Mrs. Gibson and I enjoyed ourselves fine in conversation and laughter. Neither of them believe I will go away as a soldier. We will see.

Tuesday 30th
Clear and cool.
Made arrangements for picnic. Josiah backed out. Ed took his place. Seated two wagons, procured swing rope and other necessaries. Drilled at night. Bert Groom can't go, too fresh. All things ready. My mind was so taken up with other things that I did not read any.

May Wednesday 1st
Started early this morning on our May Day excursion. Rilla did not go but N.J. did. Had very good time: good humor was the order of the day; had very good dinner and supper. Arrived home in high glee. Drilled in company. Nothing is talked of but the impending war.

Thursday 2nd
Cloudy and cool
Nothing of importance today in my sphere of action. Attended squad drill. What is there in life to bind man to the ever changing things of this world and cause him to neglect the great end for which he was created, and bring upon his own head the eternal punishment which he is warned to avoid.

Friday 3rd
Clear, windy.
Started by six for hay; Hawled two loads then got another person to take my place. Spaded the rest of the garden in the afternoon. Was somewhat tired at night. Stayed all night with Will W. He is yet undecided what course to pursue. He has a good school, is well liked, well paid and although a patriot does not like war.

Saturday 4th
Cloudy.
Union meeting today: people began to assemble early and by noon the town was filled. Drilled all morning; after dinner H. D. Gibson made an eloquent speech; Judge Stone followed exhorting all the young men that possibly could to volunteer in defence of our country. The company was drilled by Dr. Barnes of Redrock; volunteers called for; twelve more and the company will be full. Attended Lodge; officers were installed .

Sunday 5th
Raining.
The weather being inclement I stayed indoors all morning. Milton H. and William B. called in and we went to S. I. Went to Hodges with Milt, then to father's. Took supper there. Went home. Awful windy. Thought about the coming war.

Monday 6th
Clear, windy.
Did not do much on account of the wind. At night helped make a secession flag to make sport at Fort Atherton. 12 of the clock when we finished it. Stayed with Paul after supper of dried peaches apples and sugar. Did not sleep much as he was full of something to say.

Tuesday 7th
Very windy
Our flag was waving finely this morning and much excitement was manifested on account of it. It was hawled down however before the company could be collected to charge Fort Atherton. It was the subject of much talk all day. Wagner who took it down was bored about it.

Wednesday 8th
Warm and calm.
Started early for Pella to raise volunteers for the company. None raised except two; had a good time. Done some very awkward firing in the afternoon. Had good singing on our way home where we arrived late at night. Tired but ate some supper. Girls here.

Thursday 9th
Cloudy.
Went to the country for Dr. Rode pony, cut up a good deal. Did not collect anything; got home a little after noon. Stayed indoors the rest of the day, it being rainy. Will, Jake and Albert called to see me at night. Had a good time working interest. We finally all agreed.

Friday 10th
Windy.
Let Jacob Shearman have pony to ride to his brother's, 150 miles. Had quite a time getting in the saddle. Went to Curtises with Doc, Went to degree meeting, Nan took the first; went home with her and N.D. Took the 3rd with Cena. Stayed with Will. He does not think we will be called away.

Saturday 11th
Cloudy.
Took breakfast with Will, got boots mended, went home tended to horses; got ready for drill; drilled till noon. Elected officers in company; W. Stone, Ctn. Long 1st Lieut.; Hobbs of Pella 2; Kenedy. Attended Lodge; R. H. Eldridge and M. Brewer were initiated. Went with Nan. Stayed with Paul. Heard his gas as usual.

Sunday 12th
Raining.
Did not go out in the morning. Will was here for dinner; Milt stopped a short time. Went to father's, stayed for supper. Came home, it still raining; very dull day. Seemingly the last vital spark of Christian feeling flickered and went out as a candle; but may God forbid such an occurrence. I am resolved to try to do better.

Monday 13th
Dreary.
Posted books all morning, fire very genial; after dinner more pleasant. Read most of the time. Will and Albert called. Home guard made their debut this morning. Nearly split with laughter. Stayed with Paul, got very cold in bed.

Tuesday 14th
Clear.
Nothing unusual, today. Walked round with Paul a short time. Saw Nan. Read to Nan D. in afternoon. We went to Pleasantville to meet soldiers, invited them to dinner. They'd dined, however. Rained. Some of the boys came to see me.

Wednesday 15th
Clear and cool.
Read some in Mercury and Hawkeye, then went to see the soldiers that passed through; 176 in no. News that our company is accepted. Some of the volunteers backing out. R. Eldridge married last night. Saw Paul, made fishing party. W. Alender and I went to Gibson's. Dell and Nan were swinging. Home 1/2 9.

Thursday 16th
Clear.
After breakfast went round town, bought pr. pants of Brobst. Worked in garden while. Dr. rode Pet out in country. Went to Father's. Elias came up with me, had a tooth pulled. Made preparations for fishing. Made fishing lines at Milt's store; stayed with him all night; slept on a kind of cot.

Friday 17th
Clear.
Up early; spent the morning reading the late news. Studied some; was down to father's. In the evening took a ride on Pet with the new saddle; cut up and jumped, reared and pitched, stuck. Got ready for evening party but could find no one to go with so I stayed with Milt.

Saturday 18th
Raining.
Spoiled fishing party; disappointments. Went hunting in afternoon with Milt, Will and Will Alender. Rode all afternoon. Attended lodge; two communications in box; one visitor from Pella. Went home with Nan. (Cavalry met in N. M.) Milt and I took spring seats home after Lodge. Stayed with Milt.

Sunday 19th
Cloudy, muddy.
Rained some during the day. Attended meeting and Sunday School. Went to Gibson's to see Nan, became acquainted with W. Park. Eat supper; came home about dark. Nothing pervades the mind of the people, especially the younger class, now, but the war feeling.

Monday 20th
Still raining.
Conversed with Long about the war, and my situation in future. Read all day; but my mind was not settled. Around in the evening to see the boys about things in general; found some one way, some another. We tried to calculate the loss and gain of three years in the war.

Tuesday 21st
Clear, Pleasant.
Wrote article for Nan's album in the morning. After dinner assisted in papering the house, was nearly all afternoon at it, had much fun. In the evening Nan, Dell and June came up and invited me to a party Thursday evening at Brobsts. Met Nan and Dell on street, asked to fishing.

Wednesday 22nd
Clear.
Wrote a while in morning. W. Alender called to see me. Went to daguarian office to get likeness; too cloudy to take them. Was sworn in the service; took oath of allegiance. Nan and Dell came up in the evening; went home with them.

Thursday 23rd
Cloudy.
Had one likeness taken this morning. Went fishing party in buggies. Had an excellent time, rode on ferry; had good dinner; did not get home soon enough for doc. Drilled awhile. Went to Brobst's, had very good feeling generally. Went home with Nan; had a good deal to say about war &ci.

Friday 24th
Cloudy.
Had likeness taken. Went to the courthouse where the women were making red shirts for the company. Went to French's; girls were busy. Drilled, then went to father's for supper. Went to Gibson's with Milt. Gave Nan my likeness. Mother presented me with a Bible; gave her a likeness of myself.

Saturday 25th
Raining.
Became clear after awhile. Drilled nearly all morning; got pants and shirt. Dell made shirt for me. Drilled after dinner. Got cap. Seen girls on the street. Will Stark took supper with me; went with him to Gibson's. Attended Lodge with Nan; traveling cards granted.

Sunday 26th
Clear, windy.
Preachers were here all night; Dell also. Attended love feast; had very feeling meeting, much said to the volunteers; marched to the Presbyterian church; Jacobs preached to us, attended sacrament. Went to Gibson's; had feeling conversation with Nan. Went to church at night; Alender preached good sermon, as usual.

Monday 27th
Clear.
Drilled all day; cheered the preachers at their homes. Got shoes and stockings. Nan and Dell were up to see me, went round the square with them. Took supper at Sole's. Went to Gibson's with Nan; Dell being there, we all went to church. Church crowded, went home with Nan; talked a short time then went home and dreamed of the far and misty future.

Tuesday 28th
Raining.
Made watch pocket in pants. Made all necessary preparations for starting on Thursday. At three met and marched to the church where we had several speeches and presentations. Went to West's for supper; went home with Nan. Milt stayed with me all night.

Wednesday 29th
Clear and cool.
Commenced drilling early; continued all day. Much excitement manifested. The company are making preparations to start tomorrow morning. Went to Gibson's at night to bid the girls goodbye. Cene, June, Dell, Nan and Nan were there; quite an affecting scene at parting.

Thursday 30th
Clear.
Up early; busy getting ready to start. Took breakfast at father's. People began coming in town early. By 7 o'clock town was completely crowded. We formed in line and bid friends goodbye. It was the most affecting scene I ever witnessed; tears flowed freely from the eyes of all. By 8 we were on our way to the scenes of the future. Thousands of persons followed us to the lower part of town when cheer after cheer broke out. Cheers broke the stillness of the morning scene. Six miles from town Miss Rudolph's school came out to meet us; one carried a small banner with the inscription "God save our Union." At Bellefontaine we had a good dinner; much enthusiasm was manifested by the people. Bid farewell to Mary and Alice, Dr. Zimmerman and wife and Mrs. Adams. Came on to Eddyville, got ahead of the Mahaska Grays; put up at the Amos house; stayed with Will Alender at a friend's. Thus the first was spent of the many that will follow before we can take our friends by the hand and be welcomed to the fond associations of our youthful companions with whom we have spent so many pleasant hours, were made happy by their love.

Friday 31st
Cloudy and rainy.
Ready to start for Keokuk by C. marched up to the depot; farewell speeches by preachers. Started for the above named place where we arrived by noon; we immediately marched to the hotel to dinner; then to our quarters; strolled around while then came home and wrote some. Cleaned up our quarters and prepared for sleeping. Walked round with Lieutenant Hobbs.

June Saturday 1st
Cloudy.
Bathed in the Mississippi before breakfast. Rained, preventing drilling. Wrote a letter to father. Will Alender and I made pocket in shirt. Went fishing. Saw the 2nd regiment march all together. Distributed money for captain. Drew lots for quarters in messes. Captain would not let us go to Lodge.

Sunday 2nd
Cloudy but cleared.
Attended to morning duties; wrote a letter. Attended Methodist church; good sermon. Wrote two letters. Hodges sick. Walked round city; visited Die Vernon. Boys made a steamer hoist her colors. Went to church, came back, found great excitement on account of the insecurity of the building next ours, two companies left it. No harm done.

Monday 3rd
Cloudy.
Escorted Squire Norris to the cars. Drilled three hours in the forenoon. Milt no better. Escorted Will Bennet, O. H. Cunningham to the depot. Milton started home with them. Drilled from three to six. Eat hearty supper; went round to see the 2nd regiment, commanded by Colonel Curtiss. Pretty well drilled.

Tuesday 4th
Clear and warm.
Up at half past 4, marched to the river to bathe. Feeling sick I did not venture in. Could not eat breakfast. Three hours drill; could eat no dinner; took a nap. Sprinkled. Squad drill all afternoon. Witnessed the performance of the 1st and 2nd regiments; beautiful sight. Wrote two letters. Went to the theater, home at one in the morning.

Wednesday 5th
Clear.
Bathed; drilled an hour before breakfast. Read until eight. Drilled hard until eleven; rested until four; drilled until seven. Major of the 2nd regiment came to see us. Received a letter from Nan; glad to hear from home. Paul sick, unable to be out through the day. Hardships are before us, though they may be severe, I am determined to bear them cheerfully.

Thursday 6th
Cloudy.
Drilled all morning; eat hearty dinner. Drilled on double quick time this A.M. Very tired. Ladies watered us as we were going home. Hospital surgeon requested me to assist in taking care of the sick. I went; sat up half the night. Very tired and sleepy; could scarcely watch patient.

Friday 7th
Clear, warm.
Attended to hospital duties; scrubbed, carried water, washed faces and performed all kinds of labor. Visited the museum with Paul; much worth seeing. Received a letter from Milt; all well but him. Viewed the 2nd regiment. Slept with the boys in quarters.

Saturday 8th
Clear.
Went early to the hospital. At 9 went to quarters; wrote to Milt. We were inspected and sworn in the service; Ream, Willey V. George were rejected. Attended the Lodge of this place. Not many citizens out but the hall crowded with soldiers. Picnic for the benefit of the volunteers under consideration.

Sunday 9th
Clear.
After breakfast wrote to Nan, then went to class meeting; many soldiers there, speaking very touching; tears flowed freely as the pathetic soldiers continued to speak. After class went to preaching. Ingles made an excellent effort. Staid in quarters all afternoon writing. Went to church at night, splendid sermon, patriotic.

Monday 10th

Very warm.
Drilled in morning by squads. Received a letter from Zimmerman. Had our first regimental drill this P. M. While I am here writing, hearing the strains of music which float through the air in lovelike vibrations, my mind is turned towards home and the loved ones I left behind.

Tuesday 11th
Cloudy.
Drilled P.M. after dinner formed in regiments, paraded the streets with colors and arms draped in mourning, drums muffled and other manifestations of public grief in honor to Douglass. City literally crowded with people. Visitors from Knoxville, staying with us. This has been a day long to be remembered.

Wednesday 12th
Clear.
Performed as usual throughout the day. Letters from Bennet, Frank Whitney, and A. M. Brobst. Answered Frank's; friends all well. Though I am not homesick I would like to be at Knoxville this evening, and enjoy the company of dear friends to whom I am much attached; but hope on hope ever.

Thursday 13th
Cloudy.
Last night at 12 orders came for the first and 2nd regiments to move to the seat of war. Such yelling through the night I never heard. Boys glad to go. 2nd regiment left at 5 A.M. on jeany jeans. 1st at 6 A.M. Enthusiasm beyond control, parting very affecting. Good time going to quarters, too late for dress parade. Powder secreted to blow up the quarters.

Friday 14th
Clear, windy, dusty.
Drilled early. Bathed. Breakfasted and studied A.M. Read from one till three, then drilled in the manual of arms in the room. Letter from Nan. Dress parade. Walk around the city with boys, singing till 9. Went to bed but could not sleep but kept tossing about like some frail bark upon the broad oceans wave. Went to the window and looked out upon the scene of night. Lightning flashed fitfully. At last went to sleep.

Saturday 15th
Clear.
Nothing new this morning concerning arms. Armstrong went to sleep on guard - death penalty. He was not reported. Capt'n cleared him. Too late for dress parade, turned off for the evening. Went to Lodge, speeches, good time. One said he expected to see a house full of girls, through their influence became a member, another cited the story of written prayers, etc.

Sunday 16th
Cloudy.
Wrote a letter to Nan; went to meeting, from there to dinner. Reading and writing all afternoon. Went to the Catholic church but there was no meeting. Went home to bed. Stood guard this night. One of the officers came and passed the front guard and took the gun from the rear guard.

Monday 17th
Clear and cool.
Acting as guard, signed the pay roll. Wrote communication for budget box. Read some in Waverly. On duty. Letter from home. Reported that a secession flag is to be raised in Knoxville. If it is woe to the actors. Paul over to see us tonight; got the blues; wants to go home. He wanted me to go to the hospital with him: didn't.

Tuesday 18th
Cloudy, cool.
Feeling a little indisposed I did not go to Breakfast, but read my Bible while others were gone. Drilled as usual. Bro. Hodges came down today, letters from home, one from Doc scolding for leaving the hospital. Drilled; adjutant drunk, struck some of the boys, came near losing his life: officers interfered, put him in ward. He will be tried.

Wednesday 19th
Clear.
As we did not drill this morning, I occupied the time in writing. Mr. Hodges started home at two. Drilled a short time P.M. After dress parade, strolled around, saw a fight, man shot, ball took affect in his face. Had ice cream. Went to quarters and talked, cut up and had a good time for about two hours.

Thursday 20th
Cloudy.
Up at four and bathed in the river. Drilled in the manual of arms. Subscribed for the daily Hawkeye. Will sick. Row at our boarding house. Old landlord accused us of eating too much sugar. Went to the river in the evening. Surface of the water thick with swimmers and those fond of the sport of bathing.

Friday 21st
Clear
Squad drilled in the morning. Shoes and part of the uniform arrived today. Brother Alender came to see us; brought Will a fine cake, with word from Charley to give Dr. Duncan's boy part of it. Ate it heartily. Will and I promenaded the streets, saw many good-looking girls; couldn't talk.

Saturday 22nd
Cloudy.
Drilled on the step cadence in morning. Hamilton City brought our arms today. Alender started home. Wrote to A.M. Brobst. Went to Lodge. Speeches by the soldiers; degree meeting appointed Monday night. Ice cream supper next Thursday night, exclusively for Good Templars; good time expected.

Sunday 23rd
Cloudy.
After breakfast Will Alender and I started for North Park; found it contained about a dozen trees. We went on to the woods, found an enchanting place, where we lay down and talked of the beauties of nature, of home and friends far away. W. A. and myself walked about the city, saw some beautiful dwellings and many girls.

Monday 24th
Clear.
Received our shoes this morning. Manual drill. Wrote a letter to Dr. received one from Zimmerman. Arms distributed this afternoon. Much disappointment and confusion. Good looking guns but better than the others. Went to lodge, degree meeting, but no quorum present; adjourned without calling.

Tuesday 25th
Cloudy.
Preparations for moving to camp. Much dissatisfaction among the boys; we have to furnish ourselves with everything. Formed in regimental order and marched out to the camp; struck the tents; marched back to supper in double quick time; caught in the rain; wind blew dust darkened the day. Stood guard 4 hours.

Wednesday 26th
Beautiful.
Marched back to camp this morning; moved our tents again; fixed up for living; first rations for dinner about 9 o'clock. After that Capt'n Stone made a barrel of lemonade and distributed some cakes and other things sent from Knoxville by our friends. Good time. A. M. Brobst sent a glass of apple jelly, mother a large cake and a can of plum butter.

Thursday 27th
Raining hard.
Everything in confusion; wet and muddy out of tent. Will A., and Dan B. had to stand guard all day in the rain and sleep in it all night. Guard tents not yet erected. Went to Templars ice cream supper; had as much cake and cream as we could eat. Rained going home; guard would not let us in camp; we passed round to another and slipped in.

Friday 28th
Cloudy.
Made coffee for breakfast, ate early. Not much doing. Cleaned our arms and prepared them for inspection. Colonel Curtiss in camp. Drilled a short time this afternoon; ate super early. Col. Curtiss reviewed our regiment in the evening. Prepared for packing our things, preparatory to moving. I suppose we are going to Missouri.

Saturday 29th
Misty, rained.
Up by three, had breakfast early; packed up our things; prepared to march by 5: did not start till 7; left Keokuk at 10. Rained hard all day, wet us thoroughly; arrived at Hannibal at 4. Quartered in freight rooms, slept on wet blankets; had good supper; coffee and fried meat, hot. Cool disagreeable night. Gravel pecked floor, most awful hard to lie on but by rolling and tumbling, slept a little.

Sunday 30th
Clear.
After breakfast sang awhile in the jubilee. Commenced writing and wrote nearly all day. Two secessionists are brought in and tried today. Dress parade in the evening. Orders to be ready to march by seven in the morning; _______, cooking, packing, etc. In camp life I learn to take things cool.

July Monday 1st

Clear.
Up early, breakfasted and soon ready; didn't start until 10 A>M> Had a pleasant trip; lost my hat while sleeping. Engine stalled two or three times; arrived at Chillicothe at 7 p.m. Soon ate supper. I was put on guard; nothing happened to excite suspicion. Slept in the depot with the officers when relieved from guard.

Tuesday 2nd
Clear.
Moved to camp; struck tents and was settled again. Walked up through town to see things generally. Company K 2nd regt gave us some chairs. After dinner drilled nearly 5 hours. Boys brought in a secessionist but let him go. Towards evening, camp in great excitement reported that we were to be attacked tonight. Cartridges distributed; nothing occurred.

Wednesday 3rd
Clear.
Shooting at a target; wild shots. Drilled 7 hours. Much fun in the evening. Cooked dinner and supper. Felt very well until about eight when I was suddenly taken sick at my stomach. Uniforms came tonight. Passed a sleepless night. Slept hard when I did sleep. Wonder what kind of uniforms we will get.

Thursday 4th
Clear, cool.
Uniforms distributed; Fine. On account of feeling so bad, I did not get up until late. Boys singing when I awoke. Nice melody seemingly I had never heard better. Glorious Fourth of July, but we have no opportunity of celebrating it. Dress parade, speeches. Long came home. Letters, wrote some. Felt pretty bad. Thanks to the loved ones at home for remembrances.

Friday 5th
Raining
Lieutenant Long headed a squad and was scouting, brought a prisoner and two kegs of powder. Havelocks given out. Long gave me his hat; he was elected captain, 5 votes, only, against him. He made a barrel of lemonade for treating his boys. Wrote some letters. Lemonade got good about supper time and plenty was the name. We think Long will make us a good captain; time will tell.

Saturday 6th
Clear
Read, sewed and did a variety of things today. One man from each mess went fishing. Will came home sick, sunburned. Another shirt and two pairs of drawers were sent us. Ammunition distributed; expected attack; much excitement in camp. I try to keep cool while writing if no longer.

Sunday 7th
Cloudy
Made eye medicine for Mathews. Dressed up in Sunday uniform. Walked through town, saw the girls. Went to church; good sermon. Wrote letters; visitors. Ladies came to camp and sang for us. Detailed to go on guard. Comet brighter than ever. Apprehension of the rebels slipping on us.

Monday 8th
Clear
Paced guard from 6 to 8. Wrote in the intervals of guarding. Nothing occurred today of importance in our camp. Four companies of the regiment left under sealed orders for the lower stations on the road. Drilled in bayonet exercise. We are having fine weather and I never enjoyed myself better in my life. We are here alone surrounded with some few comforts such as the camp affords.

Tuesday 9th
Clear
Drilled a short time this morning; inspection of arms. Paul here for dinner; all manner of cutting up. Went to Utica after salts; saw Major Stone and Col. Williams. Van Ruyen became sick; symptoms like those of poison: suspected poison. Drs from Cillicothe administered medicines; better ______________.

Wednesday 10th
Clear and cool
Nothing of importance occurred in the morning; in the evening orders came to packup. stood guard. Orders came to strike tents shortly after. We moved aboard the cars amid confusion and crowding. I lost my bayonet. Moved to another car and went to sleep. Quite cool and slept uncomfortably on the hard boards; dirty stock cars fit only for stock.

Thursday 11th
Clear and cool.
Still on board the cars; stopped at Macon city and got breakfast; waited the arrival of ammunition and troops from St. Jo. Arrived about 2. P.M. Started for the burned bridge. Accident on the way, fellow shot through the arm, another fainted, another fell off. Came to the bridge, formed line of battle; started for the scene of action. Co. B scouted; arrived at ______about dark. Battalion went on; ours and another company remained. Will sick. Hard fare; no supper; harder bed.

Friday 12th
Clear
Up early; big stir about breakfast; procured a sack of flour, bacon, coffee, rice, sugar etc. Made batter and fried cakes; had a splendid breakfast. Shot at enemy's scouts; captured horses. Had dinner of fried cakes, and molasses made of sugar. Cars and battalion came back; we started for our old camp. Expected attack; called to arms several times during the night.

Saturday 13th
Clear
Still on the train at Macon city. Track greased, telegraph line cut; went on to Chariton Bridge; attempt to burn it; one secessionist killed. Had breakfast at 10 p.m. half meals in 63 hours. 50 of our men went back to fix telegraph wire; no opposition. Left the bridge about 7; another bridge burned. Co. B stood guard through the night. Rained hard.

Sunday 14th
Cloudy
Had breakfast at 9 P.M. Corn meal stirred with water and fried in grease with coffee was our breakfast. Hands and soldiers working on the bridge; Engine came in fast saying 400 secessionists were advancing to the bridge; we immediately boarded the cars and hasted to the spot; no enemy in sight; we scouted the hills but nothing could be found. Left this place about eight; traveled all night; rained hard.

Monday 15th
Cloudy
Arrived at Brookfield; Union place; nothing to eat for 34 hours; went on toward Chillicothe; arrived at 4 P.M. Pitched our tents; struck and moved them again after much delay. We are again under the shelter of our tents in camp. Found my bayonet; all right again; fortune seems to favor.

Tuesday 16th
Clear
Had a good breakfast once more. Seems more like home than when traveling around on the old hog cars where we are stowed 80 or 90 in a car where only 40 hogs are placed. We are promised a rest for a few days which we much need. Many getting sick; slapjacks no more.

Wednesday 17th
Clear
Wrote letters all morning. Drilled two hours in the afternoon. Although the drill was not hard, it was injurious; many of our men could scarcely drag one foot after the other; yet they were compelled to do duties at the risk of health. This I find is soldier life and of course must not say much about it.

Thursday 18th
Raining
Made things convenient in the tent and prepared to write; was interrupted and had to defer. Not much of importance occurred the remainder of the day. Will is 21 years old today. He is on guard and thus escaped the whipping layed out for him.

Friday 19th
Clear
Detailed to go on guard; very warm. Colonel, Lieutenant Col. & Major instructed me in the salutations of field and commissioned officers. Battalion drill in evening. Colonel received telegram while drilling; dismissal. Detailed to go to St. Jo. Went to bed as soon as roll call was over.

Saturday 20th
Clear
Up at 3 P.M.; breakfast at 4. No appearance of train yet. Much dissatisfaction among boys; some mad, others wild, called us St. Jo braves. Started about half after six; got to St. Jo about one. We were soon relieved by 20 men from 2nd regiment. Viewed the town and river. Started back about 4 1/2; arrived at seven. Much pleased by the trip.

Sunday 21st
Raining
Late but good breakfast. Detailed to stand guard on 1st relief. Read my Bible during intermission. Card playing general among the disregarding the Sabbath. Wrote a letter to Dr. Duncan; got one from him and F.W. Studied my Bible again. Nothing unusual in guard rounds only I became tired before relief.

Monday 22nd
Cloudy
Waked up in the guard tent about six; permitted to go to breakfast; relieved from guard; squad went outside the lines to fire guns. Wrote several letters this morning; battalion drill in the evening; dress parade; punishment of offenders. Several officers reduced to the ranks; sergeant Major and corporals.

Tuesday 23rd
Clear
Cleaned my gun; wrote and drilled through the day. Got dinner. Sherman on guard. Battalion this afternoon. Most melancholy news; our troops defeated. Expected attack on our camp; began fortifications around the hotel. Ammunition distributed. Slept on our arms but I consider it all foolishness; no enemy in a hundred miles.

Wednesday 24th
Clear
Detailed for fatigue duty again; placed in the commisaries' office, best place in camp to guard; fared pretty well today. News confirmed of disasters on our side. Had accident; Henry Sherman shot; died in 20 minutes. Much disturbance in camp. The man arrested and put under guard.

Thursday 25th
Clear
Off duty early. Corpse of our late beloved brother to be conveyed to his mother's home in Knoxville. Sorrowful faces and tearful eyes when the corpse passed. Arms reversed, muffled drums. How we miss henry. Our best companion is with us no more. But he is free from the sorrows of the earth.

Friday 26th
Cloudy
After an early breakfast we drilled in the first rudiments of tactics. Not long however for the captain was ordered in to council with the colonel; fort being built in camp. Soldiers working hard; many complaints about the close keeping of our camp. Battalion drill.

Saturday 27th
Pleasant
Put in the ditch, that is, I was put to work on the fort; worked hard in forenoon; blistered my hands awfully. Got big dinner, beans, etc. wrote a long letter to father & mother. Did not drill battallion this afternoon. 2nd regt., going east, it is thought to Bird's Point or St. Louis.

Sunday 28th
Clear, pleasant
Sick this morning; reading my Bible most of the time. Though my patriotism is as strong as ever, I believe I would prefer the more quiet and peaceful of callings of life, where friends can see each other occasionally and enjoy peaceful pleasures of society. Prayer meeting at night.

Monday 29th
Warm, very
Still somewhat indisposed and do not venture out on parade or drill. Paul sent me a good dinner of toast and rice, thanks to him. Scout went out last night, returned loaded with booty, guns, ammunition etc. Will is not very well; neither am I. The water is very poor - cause of sicknesses.

Tuesday 30th
Warm.
Expectations of General Hurlbut's arrival this morn. Everyman dressed in uniform, guns put in order etc. The general passed through but did not stop. Much ado about working on the fortress; no one likes it. Long and hard battalion drill.

Wednesday 31st
Hot.
Will W. had an attack of earache, which troubles him very much. I was able to cook this morning and got good breakfast. Nothing more. Much dissatisfaction about the colonel. He proves to be a perfect tyrant and treats his men like dogs. Position of arms in battalion drill without change; ---- hard.

August Thursday 1st
Warm.
Again got breakfast; borrowed some books and read all day. 5 hours drill. Henry G. Gregg returned; great joy, good times; two boxes of cakes and luxuries sent to us. Jake sent us a can of peaches. Many letters; good time reading; friends all well at home; heard we were all taken prisoners.

Friday 2nd
Warm.
The sun pours its scorching rays down upon us and seems like melting everything. Had a good feast of the things sent us by our friends. Wrote letters all day. Co. B. ordered to Hannibal; started at 11 A.M. leaving the sick, I among the number. Our clothes and everything went with the company.

Saturday 3rd
Hot as usual.
Drew provisions for the day; had a good breakfast, after which I commenced writing; wrote to A.M.B. Spent the day rather lazily. Paul brought us buttermilk for dinner. Adjutant came home, reported our boys all right. We call ourselves "The happy family." Paul and Will stayed all night.

Sunday 4th
Hot, scorching.
Up rather early this morning; had rice for breakfast in large quantities. Happy family gets along fine. D. was insulted by the Colonel. Read the Bible and repository. Our boys in Hannibal all right. Walked around the camp with Paul; stopped and stayed with him all night; wakened by the Col.

Monday 5th
Clear.
The Indianola boys had a skirmish last night by the Grand river bridge; 30 shots fired; no one hurt. The colonel scared nearly to death. Wrote awhile. At three we were ordered to rejoin our boys at Brookfield; picked up two companies along the road; arrived about dark; all right.

Tuesday 6th
Clear, warm.
Had to sleep without tents or covering; nothing to eat; milking cows and the result - in the sin all day. Liberties such as we have not had before; lay around all day wherever a shade was found; most awful hot; still nothing to eat. Captain gone to headquarters. Went down to the cars to sleep; raised up.

Wednesday 7th
Clear, hot.
Pickets fired last night. We ordered to camp from the cars. Cavalry came while we were there. Nothing worthy of notice; still nothing to eat. Captain returned with provisions; big eating. Went to the hospital, did not stay long. Wrote a letter to father and one to Dr. Remainder of the regiment arrived. Water scarce; suffering. Cartridge boxes, haversacks distributed today.

Thursday 8th
A little appearance of rain early, but cleared away, hot.
Packed up ready to move. Marked belts, gun straps, cartridge boxes etc. Had everything packed up ready to move; fell in and marched to our new camping ground; one of the most beautiful places for camp imaginable. Looks like rain. After much trouble found our tent, pitched it and once more are under its shelter, supper next.

Friday 9th
Cloudy.
Late breakfast. Went two miles for a drink of water; came back tired. No drill this morning. Company of horses seen about two miles from camp; supposed to be the rebels. Letter and paper from Duncan. Answered the letter on fools cap. Free Stone staying with us. Shaved for the first time in six weeks. Had drill; hard walking through the grass; very warm. Went to bed at nine. Sang some favorite hymns and songs before going to sleep.

Saturday 10th
Rained a little last night.
Water unattainable; much grumbling. Inspection of arms at 7 to 9. Wrote letter. Dinner of half rations. Detailed to dig wells; worked hard all afternoon; sunk 5 feet; half after six went to supper. Colonel scolded me for not being on dress parade. Two companies refused at first to go out but finally went. Greatest excitement in camp caused by the inhuman order from the colonel; he will be shot or discharged. Some visitors, O.P. Wright, ___ggemer. No news from home.

Sunday 11th
Cloudy.
Commenced writing letters last night, finished them this morning. Detailed for guard; excitement on the increase; two companies loaded their arms, threatening the colonel. Lieutenant Tullis broke guard. Co. H released a prisoner. Commenced raining just as I was relieved. The undress parade next; boys stripped and formed company in the rain; greatest sight I ever saw. Cannonading heard south of us. Runners.

Monday 12th
Rained hard last night.
Up at 4 to relieve guard; fired our guns at 8 1/2. Sent singing back home by O. Wright; bade them goodbye; hated to see them go. Surgeon prepared a charge against the col. Telegraphed to Dremont. Colonel started to St. Louis. Slap jacks all we eat again. Battalion drill. Letter and paper from home, Doc. Not much excitement tonight. Report Manassas is taken. Cool and clear.

Tuesday 13th
Quite cool last night.
Three companies order to Chillicothe in the night; orders countermanded. A good deal of confusion getting breakfast; frying flapjacks etc. Inspection of arms and short drill before dinner; battalion drill from 3 to 4. Dress parade and drill under Stone. Milt A. and I brought hay to lie on. Debated with all on the knowledge of knowing when a man does wrong. Newspapers read out to the crowd. Musical concert, fife, violin, accordion and flute.

Wednesday 14th
Clear and cool.
Dreamed of home last night. Allen died last night; this is the first death in our regiment. Drill and inspection; police duty. By telegraph we hear that General Lyon is killed with 800 of his men; bad news if true. Colonel Williams returned this evening; Brigadier Hurlbut came with him. Adjutant struck one of company H while on parade. Excitement commences as soon as colonel gets in camp.

Thursday 15th
Clouded and sprinkling.
Dreamed last night of home; saw Milt and Nan. Had a perilous walk over a broken bridge. Mutton for breakfast. Received a letter from Nan. While answering it, the battalion was called out and ordered to fill haversacks with provisions and prepare to march; much delay distributing provisions and ammunition. Finally we marched to the cars, boarded and started out. Will A. stayed behind. Arrived at Hudson about dark, landed and marched to the camp of the Illinois 18th. Ate supper, lay down by our guns and slept soundly till half after eleven. At that time "attention battalions" rang along the lines & we had to jump up and prepare to march. In a short time we were in motion, preceded by the cavalry and three field cannon. Wagons accompanied us, taking our haversacks and blankets which lightened us much making our marching much easier. We marched until sunrise halting at Atlanta, very tired and warm. We've come to the line of the 16th camp; we were saluted by the firing of a cannon where a flash for a moment shone fierce and whose deafening roar sounded long and loud echoing over the distant hills, making me think for a moment that we were engaged in the encounter we were marching to meet.

Friday 16th
Clear, warm.
After a short sleep I awoke & ate breakfast, feeling much refreshed. Then several of us strolled off and found a creek of cool spring water in which we bathed, which made us feel almost like new persons. Coming back I noticed the soldiers, some lay sleeping to make up for last night, some were getting breakfast, some eating & some preparing for the night's march. About one we ate dinner; at two we left Atlanta and moved toward the encampment of the enemy. After a weary march we reached La Plata, where we were received with the greatest enthusiasm by the loyal people. As soon as they saw us coming they cheered and we marched in with drums beating, colors flying and the boys cheering lustily. The advanced scout found a secession flag and took it which excited us to such an extent that we forgot fatigue for the moment. We marched two miles from town and encamped the night being weary and worn and willing to rest for the night. Immediately lay down to sleep. This was our first march.

Saturday 17th
Clear.
Last night the scouts captured another flag. Dreamed of my home and saw Nan who was watching for me to come. Breakfast early and started the march by six. I was a little sore at first but soon got limbered up. We had a long weary march; came on the point of giving out, but all made out to wag along slowly. When we came in sight of Kirksville, Colonel Scott make a short appropriate speech to the soldiers. Major Stone followed. We then marched to the town and encamped. Kirksville is a beautiful place and we were glad to stop here as we were very tired and foot sore & many could not stand it another hour. We hear the enemy is eight miles distant. We passed through some beautiful country and one camp meeting situations was the nicest I ever saw. We had been in town but a short time when it was discovered the enemy had ammunition secreted in a house a half mile distant. Capt'n Long took his company and started double quick for the place. The cavalry also started on the run We meet with unusual warm reception in this place. Captain and men returned having found nothing of note. I was detailed to go on guard; while standing I was relieved, and required to go to the hospital. After considerable running around, I found it, and immediately lay down with Dodd and passed the night in sleep.

Sunday 18th
Clear and warmer than usual.
Dr. Cool called us up early to give the sick some medicines. After that I went to camp and got some coffee, came back and ate breakfast. Folded quinine powder for half an hour. Considerable activity in town this morning. Many ladies called to see the sick manifesting the greatest sympathy for them & sending them food. The secession ladies were ordered out of town this afternoon but all classes took council from their fears and fled the town. Not a light was seen in town at night. I lay down before the hospital to sleep, and was wakened about midnight by the noise of the artillery that was going by. I thought the rebels had put their threats into execution, but the camp was only moving to a better place for defence. Great excitement among the citizens that stayed in town; they thought surely the enemy was advancing to the attack. Lieutenant Ball took two prisoners from the enemy's pickets; he laughed them out of their challenge and then disarmed them.

Monday 19th
Cloudy.
Dodd and I milked our borrowed cows. Issued medicines for the sick as they came in. People began to flock in from every direction and crowd round the lines of the encampment to see the soldiers. About noon a captain of the home guards came riding in at full speed to inform the colonel of the advance of the enemy. So all was hurry and excitement; officers running to and fro consulting among themselves, horsemen galloping around, soldiers fixing their muskets & even the sick buckeling on the accouterments, nerved up by excitement saying fight or die. Soon the artillery went rushing by, followed by baggage wagons and all the equipage, then the infantry marched out preceded by the cavalry. We loaded the sick in a wagon, and followed the column to a grove not far distant where the camp was now moved. Here the stand was to be made if the rebels had the courage to attack but wanting that principle they did not approach. While scouting today Corporal Dick was killed. His death was speedily avenged by his comrade who took the lives of two of the enemy before leaving him, perhaps three. The excitement soon quieted down and things went as usual. Took a ride on Dr. Cool's horse. Sat up with the sick all night.

Tuesday 20th
Clear.
Sick all better. After breakfast, Joe and I found our way in a secession drugstore and appropriated what we thought necessary for hospital purposes. The owner is a secession captain and if he ever calls on the Dr. he will get his pay. Mutton soup and rice for dinner, very good. About two the alarm call sounded and the soldiers hurried together. The enemy were in sight, was reported. Teams were harnessed and ready to move if necessary. No enemy came and soon all was quiet.

Wednesday 21st
Cloudy in morning, rained nearly all day.
Hospital tent crowded with sick, more medicine stores brought in today. Hoses and saddles captured, ammunition and arms, teams and wagons. Our men have been at work with the enemy; several have been taken prisoner; Lieut. Ball had a narrow escape. Reinforcements are advancing. About nine a cannon was fired, the alarm drums sounded and again the enemy were on us, this time taking advantage of the night to attack us; all was hurry and excitement. The cannons continued firing for some time and their booming was a good deal like the mutter of thunder making the night appear wild and dismal. After musket shots were fired by the pickets, then the firing ceased. Order and quiet were soon restored. Though the storm beat mercilessly, I slept soundly.

Thursday 22nd
Clear and cool.
Tried and repacked medical stores. The weather is so fine today, that the grove where we are camped is one of the most beautiful and pleasant places that I have seen. Busy all day with the sick. A report came this afternoon that reinforcements were coming to us, and that they had been attacked and wanted aid of us. Our forces were mustered and ready to march, when the report was contradicted. About three the Illinois sixteenth came in and were greeted with cheers & firing of cannon and music. The band afterward played some national airs, whose sweet strains floated through the evening air in perfect harmony arousing all the dormant passions of the soul. With the 16th came our teamsters from Brookfield. Boys all well. Loaded wagons and hitched horses agreeable to marching orders. Orders countermanded. Dissatisfaction.

Friday 23rd
Clear.
The Illinois soldiers pillaged the town last night taking everything they could find, breaking in doors and windows, without distinction of owners. A grand court martial to be held. The Illinois boys are pretty wild and hard to be restrained. Not as much excitement in camp as usual. The home guards continue their scouting. Wounded rebel brought in today.

Saturday 24th
Clear.
Sick list about the same, intermittent and remittent, the principle classes. Changing form the active exercise of the field to sedentary habits and hospital duties, I find I do not feel as well as usual, but I think nature will return as of old and if I stay here I will make some advancement in my profession for future good, should I be permitted to return home.

Sunday 25th
Cloudy, a little rain.
Moved hospital stores in a tent to keep dry. 50 reported sick this morning in quarters and 11 in hospital. Issuing medicines till noon. Camp meeting in quarters. Illinois chaplain preached. It is painful to see the amount of wickedness among soldiers, their disregard for the Sabbath and the word of God. Some still retain their integrity and hold fast the promise of the future.

Monday 26th
Clear, cool.
Sat up half the night attending the sick. Finished a letter to parents; have not written for two weeks; I expect they think I am unmindful of them and their repeated instructions; far from it; "forget not." Administered chloroform while Robinson operated on a felonous thumb. Not well, moved to a house in town.

Tuesday 27th
Clear.
Sitting up so much of nights begins already to affect my health, and if I continue I fear I shall have an attack of fever. Arranged the sick in the house quite comfortably. So busy all day I could not leave the house to enquire after the news. I suppose we shall move from here in a few days. Detailed a couple of fellows to sit up tonight.

Wednesday 28th
Clear and cool.
General Hurlbut's horse hurt him while drilling last night, quite a laughable scene; the general in an old buggy drawn by an old negro in his shafts and a smaller one behind, pushing; the latter was noted for his ragged clothes, especially the hinder part of them. Sick list increasing; another fellow detailed to assist me while Dodd is sick.

Thursday 29th
A clear cool night.
Some intimations of our leaving this place soon; the exposure of our regiment to the weather of day & night is doing bad work with the boys; many of them are seriously ill but nothing seems to be done to ameliorate their condition. Surely the soldiers are treated more like brutes than men.

Friday 30th
Clear warm.
Orders to move. Every person preparing to march in search of the enemy; started about eleven o'clock, marched till night; halted at Wilson. Occupied a storeroom for the hospital. Though tired I did not get to bed till one. Such marches as today's will disable our men in a short time.

Saturday 31st
Clear, warm.
Took up the march early, had much difficulty with the sick; some very ill and unwilling to mind. The hardest march of the season we had today; the dust thick and flying, choking horses and men. Water scarce; marched to Salt Creek and halted for the night. Tents for the sick were procured and all filled. Not much rest.

September Sunday 1st

Clear, warm. Clear and cool in the morning but hot later.
Started early for the railroad; after a hard march we reached Bethel, given out entirely. Camped in the woods; hospital in the school-house; not very well; never felt so badly hardly in my life. Rode to the spring for water. Much hospitality shown by the Dutch people of Bethel. Many boys treated to a good supper.

Monday 2nd
Clear and warm.
Much fuss and delay about starting; quick march to Shelbyville, then rest in the square. One man shot on the road to Shelbina. Reached that place in one of the hardest rains, about night. Wet and dreary were the boys quartered in a tavern; Jo got us a good supper; warm bread.

Tuesday 3rd
Cloudy and appearance of rain.
Muddy and wet times in the sick room. Left Shelbina at three; fired on by rebels; couldn't catch them. Reached camp after night; moved the stores to the hospital; went to the tent; coughed a good deal. Alarm in the night; nothing serious; several guns fired; no harm done; slept the rest of the night. Paul been sick. Our boys gone with the Colonel.

Wednesday 4th
Cloudy and cool.
Helped about breakfast. Many letters from home; good time reading them. Went with the boys to bathe and wash clothes; felt better after donning clean ones. Started to write. 24 of the boys went to Shelbina to aid Col. Williams. Went back to the hospital.

Thursday 5th
Clear and pleasant.
Up half the night; good many sick; assistant slept all the time. Busy about the hospital all day. Paul getting better. Arranged the medicines, filling prescriptions; made emulsion. Dr. Edwards started home. Sitting up at night again; room stowed full of sick.

Friday 6th
Slept till breakfast was ready then hastened to get ready for it. Had to stick close to duty all day and by doing so I got acquainted with the things quite easily. Made Mrs. Wanigh's acquaintance; she calls Paul and I twins; good name. Tired at night Went with Nat to Mr. Davis'; saw and introduced to Anna. Dreamed of home and my far away Anna.

Saturday 7th
Performed the same duties today as yesterday. There are several other persons here but the brunt of the responsibility rests on me. Dr. Littler sent after the regiment, to attend the sick among them. Paul, Mrs. Wanigh and I had peaches and watermelon for dinner, sent from Annie D. Wrote a letter to father with an explanation for so long silence.

Sunday 8th
This is another Sunday morning that I am permitted to see, but I am debarred from spending my time according to the dictates of my conscience and the commands of God, but being so situated I am compelled to attend the sick, which I shall endeavor to do like the good Samaritan of old. I have no time to spare for reading or writing.

Monday 9th
Every day brings its changes, and every change kills monotony, but here days go by and still the same things appear for me to do. But while time passes thus I have the consolation of knowing that I am learning something which, should I live till the expiration of the war, will be of much advantage to me and aid me in the duties of my profession which I hope to be able to commence as soon as I return home.

Tuesday 10th
Dr. Cool has given me the privilege of writing for him, making out the morning reports, writing requisitions, keeping the register, prescription book and such things pertaining to the hospital usage. Made medicine report. Dr. Cool gone to the regiment. Dr. Watson to prescribe for our patients.

Wednesday 11th
After filling the prescriptions, of which there were a great number, I made out the report and carried it to Dr. Watson of the Illinois 16th. Paul and I invited to take dinner at Davis'; peach cobbler for dinner; nothing better in the eatable line in this state. Annie did her best to make us welcome.

Thursday 12th
Duties same as yesterday. Farmers bringing fruit in to sell, run a a great risk of losing most of it by being stolen by the soldiers, who have become very expert in the profession. The 2nd Kansas regt. has stopped here for a few days. They are on their way home to recruit. John Lee is in this regiment and is very much changed since he left Knoxvillle.

Friday 13th
The morning is rather cool and such a cool breeze is stirring that one cannot help thinking that autumn is at hand. Such is the case. The summer has been spent by the contending armies and nothing has been done toward bringing a close to this unholy and terrible war. John Lee again visited us and gave us a correct history of the Springfield battle.

Saturday 14th
Another day has dawned and another change is to be made . We are now packed and ready to start to Macon City which is to be our headquarters for a time. Annie Davis and her mother visited us and bade us goodbye. We had a pleasant trip down and the boys were glad to see me. Will H. and I had quite a lengthy conversation. Will W. handed me a letter from Dr. Duncan.

Sunday 15th
Last night our regiment received marching orders and this morning every able-bodied man was gone. Dr. Cool also went, leaving the hospital in charge of Dr. Robinson and I. Paul wanted to go but was too late. Many suppositions of the destination of our boys. All things seem to work against the will of our officers. Our men are nearly worn out but still they are kept on the march.

Monday 16th
No change in the program but the shipping of a few sick to Quincy. While standing at the gate conversing with several ladies, we were much amused at seeing a young woman dressed in soldiers uniform going up the street with a very awkward and expressive gait. Our steward found her out; she acknowledged the treat.

Tuesday 17th
Weather quite cool, fires kept in the stoves which now come in quite handy. Busy most of the day copying reports and preparing to make a quarterly report. Took time to write a letter to Nan and one to Doc Duncan. Took a ride in the country for the purpose of getting peaches and apples. We succeeded very well.

Wednesday 18th
After a night watch I got up late and after breakfast commenced my duties as usual. Nothing occurred today to note. Paul and I ran around a while and after a good deal of cutting up and mischief making I returned to the hospital. Biddy was swearing about my staying away so long from supper.

Thursday 19th
After seeing to the patients I seated myself to write a letter but my thoughts were so varied that it was impossible for me to write anything of a coherent character. We heard of more disasters to our troops and things seem to have a threatening aspect even on our side. Hope on Hope even.

Friday 20th
A good night's rest made me feel much better and succeeded in driving that gloom form my mind, which always comes over me when I feel indisposed. But I was not long to remain so. Dispatches came tonight that our boys had a fight; some were killed, many wounded and some prisoners. How I would like to be with them.

Saturday 21st
Dispatches came today confirming last night's reports. This bloody war has again desolated many hearthstones and dimmed many family lights that will never regain their brilliancy and wounded hearts that will never enjoy the charms of this life more but long to be laid neath the sod where sorrows are swallowed up in death.

Sunday 22nd
Another Sunday has dawned and I wish I had the privilege of keeping this as it becomes the true Christian, but war knows no Sabbath, no incense is burned in honor of the God of battles who rules the minds of men, but hearts are ever breathing a silent prayer for the success of the right cause.

Monday 23rd
The first thing was a letter from Dr. I immediately answered it and let him know my surprise at finding him in the army and at St. Jo. After filling the prescriptions I concluded to rest a while as I have been so closely kept to my business that my health is becoming affected.

Tuesday 24th
Tired and nearly worn out by my unceasing watch with the sick, I determined to rest today. While reading a paper, the first for a long time, who should interrupt me but Dr. Duncan. He is with the Marion Co. Rangers. I fairly danced with delight on seeing him once more. I cannot express my joy and good feelings. After a long talk, we went after peaches in the steward's wagon. Enjoyed the trip fine.

Wednesday 25th
Up early with the Dr. and walked around a short time. After breakfast we visited the boys in camp. Returned to the hospital where we talked and did not tire of conversation. Doc seems as much pleased to see me as I am of his company. He tells me all about affairs at home. Would that he could be with me during the war occupying a position in the hospital. He wrote home tonight.

Thursday 26th
Raining, disagreeable.
After a long and friendly talk with Dr. Duncan, he giving me much advice and encouragement, we repaired to the depot to await the train that was to bear him back to his company at Chillicothe. It did not arrive until eleven. How I hated to part with the doctor, my best friend on earth. Dr. Edwards returned to camp. Some of the boys don't like him very well.

Friday 27th
Nothing of importance occurred today in my sphere of observance. My duties are lighter now than usual in consequence of the number of sick having decreased in this hospital by being sent to the Gen. Hos. Wrote a long letter to father and one to Uncle John Henderson. Nothing more.

Saturday 28th
With feelings of gratitude, I got up from my bed this morning and with a light mind commenced by daily duties. Before breakfast Lieut. Kennedy came up and told me I might go to Chillicothe to see my friends in the home guard camp. I started early and got there after noon, had good time.

Sunday 29th
Rainy, cold.
Cold, wet and disagreeable morning. Raining still making cooking rather tedious work and causing much discomfort to the boys. I had a very good time talking with the boys and Dr. Duncan and I took a walk while he communicated secrets to me that he thought might benefit me. Excitement in camp, reported an attack.

Monday 30th
Confusion in camp; no. of enemy diminished by 1000. Men excited about going home. Every person swears the Col. can't keep him. They got permission to go and intend starting at 3 o'clock. I left them about 10 and started for Macon City where I arrived safe and sound. Dr. Robinson starting for Gen. Hos. with 62 men. Car off track.

October Tuesday 1st
Not much to do this morning. Another month is ushered in and yet the time of war does not cease but the ball seems to roll with gathering speed and we fear it will acquire such velocity that the nation cannot stop its roll. Missouri is still in the dark ground and no hopes for speedy peace.

Wednesday 2nd
Easy times now for the first in a long while. Not much of anything to do; no news; but camp reports of the most exaggerated kind are continually afloat keeping the incredulous in a feverish state of excitement and expectation only to be disappointed.

Thursday 3rd
Wrote general letters through the day; one to John Henderson at father's who wrote to me some time since, with Aunt Kate's love, good wishes and good advice. One to Wm. Day and his lady. He sent me stamps to pay postage saying it was enough for soldiers to fight and write without paying postage.

Friday 4th
Wrote several more letters today. Nothing new occurred. Dr. Edwards visited the hospital sanctioning everything we were doing. Not hearing anything of our furlough today I think it all gammon. I let the boys go out today; I stayed in their place.

Saturday 5th
Rained last night like the heavens had opened their gates and mingled the elements in mass confusion; thunder and lightning, most terrific, yet grand and sublime. How my thoughts wandered homeward, thinking of the Loved and waiting ones. Nothing in the news line today.

Sunday 6th
Clear and cool.
Read Lena Rivers from beginning to end yesterday and last night. Not very well today on account of cold. Read Dodridge, rise and progress of religion in the soul, three chapters. Visited boys in camp, kindly treated. Saw Lieut. Kennedy; he thinks John Woodruff will not recover. Came back & read more in Dodridge, wishing I was like him in religion. Drummer stabbed and killed; drunk. I would like to be home a while.

Monday 7th
Clear and pleasant, bracing air.
Up rather late; mush and milk for breakfast. I dreamed I was home and with Nan. After filling the prescriptions, I went to the Drs. tent and assisted in making out the quarterly reports. Came back to dinner and read more in Dodridge. Two more sick men admitted. Dr. Robinson appointed me ward master for the present. Went to a carpenter shop and made a ferrule. Orders from headquarters to march.

Tuesday 8th
Clear and pleasant.
After breakfast prepared medicines for the patients then commenced packing up, which occupied my time till noon. Dr. Edwards visited us this morning; Robinson went to Col. Morgan's camp to see some patients. A collision of trains caused us to be disappointed in going to Quincy. Went down to Union Hotel. Came back and read in Memoirs of Mary Luddie Dunn. Prescribed for patients at night, bed at 12.

Wednesday 9th
Cool and windy.
Called up by Keebles to cup his back. Breakfast of much and milk. Dressed a wound over the eye of one of Capt. Foster's men. Dr. Edwards visited us again. No go to Quincy today. Read The Shipwrecked Goldseekers Walked to camp, saw the broken engines. Got a flute and amused myself by playing over old tunes that are dear to memory. Went to bed late but could not sleep on account of a cough. Dr. Robinson shared beds with me this night.

Thursday 10th
Rainy and cold.
Got up at breakfast call. Gloom and unpleasantness visible in the weather today. Dressed several wounds. Read in Garibaldi's life till noon. Visited Col. Foster's camp with Dr. Dodd. Visited our camp; boys shooting pigs. Returned and finished Garibaldi. Orders to be ready to move by nine tomorrow. Played the flute then retired.

Friday 11th
Clear, beautiful and pleasant.
Ready and starting to Quincy on the stock cars as usual. I stayed with the sick. Dr. Edwards gave me his brandy flask. We took the Quincy track and went directly to the river; after much delay crossed the river; went to the hospital; saw Paul; stayed all night; slept with Amigh; talked a long time.

Saturday 12th
Clear and pleasant.
Up late, washed and felt very well; good breakfast; stayed with Paul all morning. Went home; disappointed; found everything in confusion. Pitched tents, arranged goods and prepared for the reception of the sick. Robinson gave me the appointment of ward-master in the Gen. Hos. and came down and fixed things. Commenced labor.

Sunday 13th
After a good night's rest, got up late and felt very well. Commenced my duties in the ward, assigned me. Soon became acquainted with the nurses and made things pass smoothly. Went the rounds with Dr. Douglass. Received several letters. John Woodruff getting along very well.

Monday 14th
Beautiful.
Performed my duties this morning as well as I could from my short acquaintance. Dr. Castle did not get down till late. Made out a roll of the men on the upper ward. Made a Book for the wardmaster's use. Paul and I took a walk up the street; went round by Gov. Woods.

Tuesday 15th
Became acquainted with Dr. Douglass this morning and assisted him in dressing the wounds of the wounded men. I like my place very well and if I succeed in doing my duty I have good opportunities of learning and advancing in the profession. Dr. Parks arrived here today to take charge of his son.

Wednesday 16th
I arose earlier than common this morning and partly formed my register book. Eleven more men arrived here last night; by dint of crowding I got seven of them in bed in my ward. Went out to camp to get my blankets and clothes. Bathed in the river. Wrote to father.

Thursday 17th
Beautiful.
After breakfast assisted Dr. Douglass with his writing. Visited our patients & owing to Paul's sickness I had to dispense the medicines. This day. Creamer died last night; we have a post-mortem; bronchial lung schisms. Another man died today. Mrs. Amigh visited us today. Wrote to Dr. Duncan.

Friday 18th
Cloudy
_____ my ward. Found patients all alive.

[No other entries for 1861]

1862

January Wednesday 1st
Cloudy and cold.
Another year has passed away with its fortunes and misfortunes and a new one is ushered in which will prove an eventful one in the history of our nation. Gloom and lowering clouds seem settling today, but whether indicating weal or woe, none can tell. Nothing new occurred today in my sphere of action so I occupied a part of the day writing letters.

Thursday 2nd
Still cloudy and cold.
Dressed the wounds, then walked round a while. Nothing more of interest till after dinner. Hope and Fellis gone skating. Dr. Niccolls advised me of several duties for the preservation of health. Borrowed a book from him "Management of the Sick Room," and spent most of the afternoon reading. Butcher presented us with a fine turkey. Boys returned late, tired and hungry.

Friday 3rd
Sleet and rain ushered in this gloomy day. I had intended to go skating this afternoon, but the change of weather prevents me, therefore I will spend the time reading or studying some useful book. I have just received a long letter from A. M. Brobst in answer to one I wrote him over a month since. He seems to be pretty well satisfied with solider life. Concluded the day by singing.

Saturday 4th
Rather cold this morning. Dressed the wounds of the unfortunate soldiers that were wounded; performed my other duties of the hospital, had dinner then went skating with Paul. We went to the ice without skates, saw the ladies skate a little, then I came across a fellow, bought his skates and whiled the time away pleasantly until Paul got tired waiting.

Sunday 5th
Snowed about 5 inches last night, continues snowing until noon. Few sleighs running. Finished my work by noon, dinner, the afternoon before me at my own pleasure. Read, conversed, heard an old soldier preach, then conversed with Paul and West about Maggie and other things relative to the hospital. Paul got the blues. Ed and Frank gone to church.

Monday 6th
Cloudy in morning but soon cleared away. Dr. Niccolls ordered a one horse ambulance. I gave Eisenhower veratrine and watched the effects it produced, they being rather singular, pulse entirely gone and he, delirious. After dinner went to camp Flog (?) with Frank after lumber; had a gay time in the snow, borrowed Edd's boots. After supper Frank and I went to the "needle Pickets hall;" stopped in church as we were coming back. Read several stories to the boys then retired.

Tuesday 7th
Up early on account of Edd's going to Hannibal for the horse and ambulance; Breakfast over Edd and West started up town to see what detained the sleigh. Dr. Niccolls came bringing me a letter from Dr. Zimmerman. A good letter is strong to drive away gloom. Commenced answering it, but so cold in my room I had to desist writing. Could eat no supper; had a chill of some description, delirious.

Wednesday 8th
After a weary night's rest, I awoke free from fever but with a terrible headache. Dr. Niccolls came to see me early and gave me a few drops veratrine which lessened the frequency of my pulse to an alarming extent. No ___ resulted however and I soon began to get better. The rest of the day was lonesome and dreary. The boys paid every attention I desired.

Thursday 9th
Paul gave me a large dose of Morphia last night which had such an effect on me that I did not awake until nearly noon today. I was delirious during the night but felt much better after my long sleep. Miss Olan brought me some dinner, a little of which I ate. The afternoon seemed long. Maggie came in a short time. Paul brought in the Chinese puzzle and amused me a while. Read a short time then went to sleep.

Friday 10th
Rather pleasant. After breakfast got up and again tried the active life health requires. The surgeon would not let me go outdoors today but I kept busy in the ward. Received a letter from Will this A.M. The 3rd regt. is on the North Mo. R. R. W. Alender very sick. Snowed a little this afternoon. Read for the boys at night. Romeo and Juliet acted.

Saturday 11th
Cloudy and rather warm this morn.
Hesselton not so well. Six hundred soldiers arrived in town today; fifteen patients admitted to hospital; ambulance used; noon before we got through the ward. After dinner traded overcoats. Paul and I procured power of attorney for the purpose of sending to Will to draw our money for us. Cooler.

Sunday 12th
Cold as blazes.
Hesselton died this morning. Up early; read a short time before breakfast. Finished Will's letter. Preaching after dinner in my ward by a Baptist preacher. Hard time to keep warm; no coal to be had. Wood sawyer gave out, wood scarce; borrowed of a large stack nearby. Nothing more of interest till night; Edd, West and Frank acted a tragedy, Romeo and Juliet.

Monday 13th
Called up by the nurses on account of the death of Hudson and Buffman; both died of consumption. Frank would not agree; a falling out ensued. Maggie mad at the whole of us for talking in her hearing. Letter from the captain summoning us home. Dr. Edwards promises me the stewardship of his hospital if I return to the regiment.

Tuesday 14th
I arose early this morning but felt most miserable. My eyes and head seemed ready to burst but still I went to work and did not desist until I could go no longer. Went to bed; could not sleep; up and visited my ward with the Dr. Paul gave me a good washing with warm water followed by friction with a coarse towel.

Wednesday 15th
Felt much better this morning after my bath. Attended to my duties as usual; got through by noon; began to feel bad. Went to bed; did not awake till Dr. Darrack came in to tell me to do some things for him. One fellow to cup; another to lance and another to tie ligatures round syphilitic warts. Edd trained me in Latin prescriptions Prescribed for a patient, went to bed.

Thursday 16th
Feel tolerably well this morning. Frank sick; remained in bed. I commenced going around in his ward, but he came and took his place. Dr. Darrack gave me permission to prescribe for some of the patients in my ward. Paul and Frank at outs. Triss and Mrs. Nicholls here this afternoon. Dr. Niccolls gave me several questions in medicine.

Friday 17th
The sun was shining brightly before I got up this morn, but my limbs ache so that I could not enjoy the beauties of the occasion. Venison for breakfast, rearranged my ward. Dr. Niccolls, Frank and Paul trying to have a row. Ligatured two syphilitic warts. Prescribed for the sergeant Major of the sharp shooters. Cupped man, read anatomy, to bed, late.

Saturday 18th
Unable to turn out this morning; Dr. Niccolls prescribed for me. I did nothing but lie in bed and think of the hard time of the soldiers who were so unfortunate as to be sick. I am now experiencing the same. No one can tell without experience the dread of sickness in a large hospital like this. Though everything is done that can be for the comfort of the sick. Negligence and carelessness cannot be avoided.

Sunday 19th
Still in bed, unable to eat, sleep or do anything else to ease the time or lighten the load that seems to weigh me down. Frank came in and talked to me a while. He is going away. John Seaton is made ward master of the upper ward and I am transferred to the lower. Quite a row about the promotion of Seaton. Jim Teal does not like to serve under him and swears he is going to his regiment.

Monday 20th
This morning finds me much better, but unable to move around. I hope by another day to again resume my duties and bear my part of the labor now thrown upon the officers of the hospital by an increasing number of patients. The battalion of sharp shooters gives us much trouble on account of the absence of their surgeon. Ate a little today and read a good deal in The Independent loaned by Miss Eland.

Tuesday 21st
This pleasant morning finds me up and in the performance of my duties. Started around with Dr. Darrack but Dr. Niccolls came to me and told me that I was no longer ward master but assistant to the surgeon and I must immediately drop the one and commence the other. I filled the prescriptions for the first time, then being tired I lay down for a short time. Dressed several wounds during the afternoon. Retired early.

Wednesday 22nd
As usual, arose, dressed and ate breakfast then commenced the labors of the day. Made up a quantity of medicines for the Dr., when he arrived we went through the ward. A large number of prescriptions to fill this time. Wisconsin regiments passing through to join Lane's brigade. Illinois regiments going to Cairo. Quincy is now quite an amporium.

Thursday 23rd
Pleasant but damp, thawing.
Office crowded to overflowing. Much confusion. Dr. Stewart and I went through the ward. Filled the prescriptions. Took the afternoon to wash vials which I found quite an undertaking. Prescribed for a man that has inflammation of the meninges and medulla oblongata. Dr. Stewart came around late, wrote to Nan.

Friday 24th
Late getting up this morning on account of being up late last night. Breakfast over I proceeded to make a quantity of compound cathartic pills. Dressed several wounds during the afternoon. Visited the ward with the Dr. A large number of prescriptions to fill. Received an explanation from Dr. Niccolls regarding meningitis. Paul and I walked up street; got the papers. Bartlet died this evening.

Saturday 25th
Frank Fellis woke me at five o'clock to bid me goodbye. Got up and made Stewart's fever mixture. He came but being sick he left me to prescribe for the men while he went to bed. After putting up the prescriptions Paul and I searched the invoice for such drugs as we need. Opened the pack saddle; the most complete thing out. Darrack would not let me prescribe tonight; did not feel very well over it.

Sunday 26th
I arose early this morning and performed my duties as usual before breakfast. After breakfast I compounded a few medicines; then read until Dr. Stewart came which was rather late. We visited the patients, found them improving. I put up the medicines then dressed myself. Frank was here again today. Dressed an amputated finger. Getting colder. Stewart late tonight also. Bob Lagor practicing ventriloquism. Moranville died.

Monday 27th
Arose early this morning; cleared out our stove-pipe and prepared for more comfort today than was allowed yesterday. After breakfast prepared some (Tr. Upil?) Camphoration. Busy all day among the medicines. New arrival of patients. Dressed several wounds today. Commenced raining at night. Wrote a letter to father's family. Exercised with the rope till bed time, then read a good tale for bed.

Tuesday 28th
I got up early this morning and again tried the rope exercise till breakfast. Made some essence of peppermint, some syrup ipecac, and some camphor water. Filled the prescriptions. The 16th Illinois is here now. Some of my old nurses visited me. Went to hear the world-renowned Bayard Taylor lecture; all that heard him were much pleased.

Wednesday 29th
Cold.
Such a sudden change in the weather affected me a little and this morning I feel it pretty keen. Busy all day; prepared medicine until middle of afternoon; then filled prescriptions the remainder of the day. Surgeon Niccolls drilled me a little in surgery. Patients still arriving; 16th all drunk. Stewart gone to the lecture; left me to act in his place; very tired.

Thursday 30th
Still continues cold. Nothing of importance occurred until Dr. Stewart came and brought his assistant with him. He looked rather green in my opinion but I may be mistaken in his professional qualities. Dr. Niccolls addressed me again on the subject on inguinal hernia. His wife and Dr. Castle's daughter called down this evening. Ed gone to his aunt's. Bob brought the oysters; we had a good time.

Friday 31st
Slept till late then got up and exercised a while before breakfast. Made some quinine and bluebonnet pills for Dr. Stewart after which we visited the ward. Busy till dinner, then I had a few moments leisure. The Dr. came early this afternoon; therefore I finished my work before supper. Mrs. Niccolls and Samie were down again. Bob L. and I went to see some girls; had a great time.

February Saturday 1st
The first month of the new year is gone and the second is ushered in with sunshine and pleasantness. Nothing unusual occurred today. Read a short time in "__ods Practice" then compounded a quantity of medicines. Dr. Castle visited us this afternoon. Mrs. Niccolls and Samie came down for the surgeon. John Beeton, John Abbot, Paul and myself went skating after supper; ice in fine condition.

Sunday 2nd
Quite pleasant this morning. Nothing more than common occurred around the hospital today, more when a good many visitors were present. Service in the afternoon. Dr. Niccolls loaned me a book to read. Pulled a couple of teeth for a fellow this afternoon. Paul mad about it. Bob and I want to see the girls again. I did not stay long. I walked out by myself.

Monday 3rd
Snowing again. Slept soundly last night and dreamed of the far-off lands of God and of the happiness in store for the children of hope. Compounded more medicines again and performed my usual duties. Surgeon out of humor about the bills for the hospital. A new recruit arrived tonight.

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This completes the diary of S.M. Wright. The following was written by his brother Dr. William Ellis Wright.

Tuesday 4th
Today at three o'clock Samuel was taken with a hard chill and was very sick all night. Paul was with him all night.

Thursday 6th
A great many visitors in to see him today; the preacher came in and prayed with him; he got three letters and talked much about home.

Friday 7th
Delirious most all day; Paul up with him all night.

Saturday 8th
This morning at three o'clock my brother Samuel after a very brief illness passed from this world to his home in Heaven, beloved by all who knew him and mourned by many friends. W. E. W.

Sunday 9th
Today at noon I arrived at the hospital at Quincy and found my brother cold in the arms of death. At four o'clock he was buried in the cemetery under and toward the river from an ___ [oak?] tree ten or twelve feet distant.

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